FI R S T A I D

INTRO D U C T I ON
15 MINUTES PRESENTATION @ ALDERSGATE COLLEGE
 WHAT IS FIRST AID?

First Aid is the initial assistance or treatment

given to a casualty for any injury or sudden
illness before the arrival of an ambulance, doctor,
or other qualified personnel.
 AIMS OF FIRST AID

• Preserve life
• Prevent the casualty’s condition from becoming
worse
• Promote recovery
 RESPONSIBILITIES AS A FIRST AIDER

• Assess the situation quickly and safely and summon appropriate help
• Protect casualties and others at the scene from possible danger
• To identify, as far as possible, the nature of illness or injury affecting
casualty.
• To give each casualty early and appropriate treatment, treating the most
serious condition first.
 PRIORITY OF CASUALTIES

• Save the conscious casualties before the unconscious ones as they have a higher
chance of recovery.
• Save the young before the old.
• Do not jeopardize your own life while rendering First Aid. In the event of immediate
danger, get out of site immediately.
• Remember: One of your aims is to preserve life, and not endanger your own in the
process of rendering First Aid.
 OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID

• To alleviate suffering
• To prevent added / further injury or danger
• to prolong life
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST AIDER

• Gentle -should not cause pain.

• Resourceful -should make the best use of things at hand.
• Observant -should notice all signs.
• Tactful -should not alarm the victim.
• Emphatic -should be comforting.
• Respectable -should maintain a professional & caring attitude.
 CASUALTIES SHOULD ALWAYS BE
TREATED IN THE ORDER OF PRIORITY,
USUALLY GIVEN BY THE “3 BS”:
the “3 Bs”:
1. – Breathing
2. – Bleeding
3. – Bones
 CHOKING

• Choking is the mechanical obstruction of the flow of air from

the environment into the lungs.
CAUSES:
• Introduction of foreign object into airway, which becomes stuck
• Respiratory diseases
• Compression of airway (e.g. Strangling)
 SYMPTOMS

• -Unable to speak or cry out

• -Face turns blue from lack of oxygen
• -Victim grabbing at his/her throat •
• -Weak coughing, labored breathing produces high-pitched
noise
 TREATMENT:

• Encourage victim to cough

• Back slaps: Use of hard blows with heel of the hand on the upper back
of the victim
• Abdominal thrusts: Standing behind the victim and using hands to exert
pressure on bottom of the diaphragm (May result in injuries like bruises
or fracture of ribs)
 TYPES OF WOUNDS

• abrasion wound is a type of open wound that's caused by the skin rubbing against a rough surface.
• Incision wound is incision is a cut through the skin that is made during surgery. It is also called a surgical
wound. 
• Laceration wounds  is a deep cut or tearing of your skin.
• puncture wound is a deep wound that occurs due to something sharp and pointed, such as a nail. 
• Avulsion wound is a severe traumatic injuries in which one or more pieces of tissue.
• Amputation is  the loss or removal of a body part such as a finger, toe, hand, foot, arm or leg. 
 FRACTURES
A FRACTURE IS A BREAK OR CRACK IN THE CONTINUITY OF THE
BONE.

SYMPTOMS:
• Pain at or near fractured site
• Tenderness on gentle pressure
• Swelling over the fracture site
• Deformity e.g. irregularity of bone, angulation or rotation of limb, depression of bone etc.
• Loss of power
TYPES OF FRACTURES

• greenstick fracture occurs when a bone bends and

cracks, instead of breaking completely into separate
pieces.
• Transverse fractures occur when your bone is
broken perpendicular to its length.
• Comminuted fracture is a break or splinter of the
bone into more than two fragments.
• Spiral fracture They happen when one of your
bones is broken with a twisting motion.
• compound fracture is a break or crack in your bone
that is visible through your skin
SUGGESTED FIRST AID KIT CONTENTS:

• Band aid
• Rubbing alcohol
• Plaster
• Povidone iodine
• Gloves
• cotton
• Scissor
• Gauze pads
• Forceps
• Tongue depressor
• bandage (triangular)
• Pen light
• Occlusive dressing
BASIC PRECAUTIONS AND PRACTICES

• Personal hygiene
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
 EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES

• Primary survey • Secondary survey

-Check for consciousness Interview the victim

-ask victims name
-Check airway
-ask what happened
-Check for signs of life
-assess the sample history
• S -sign and symptoms
• A-allergies
• M -medications
• P -past medical history
• L -last oral intake
• E -events prior to the episode