Lesson 1

Kinds of
Parallelograms and
Their Properties
 Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

 accurately determine the properties of a parallelogram;

 correctly identify congruent segments and angles of a

given parallelogram; and

 correctly identify the different kinds of parallelograms.

 Learn about It!

Quadrilateral
1 a polygon with four sides and four angles

Example:
The figure on the right is an
example of a quadrilateral
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Parallelogram
2 a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel

Example:
The figure on the right is a
parallelogram. The tick marks shown
on the sides mean that the opposite
sides are parallel.
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Trapezoid
3 a quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides

Example:
The figure on the right is an example
of a trapezoid.
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Kite
4 a special type of quadrilateral with two pairs of congruent adjacent sides

Example:
The figure on the right is an example
of a kite.
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Trapezium
5 a quadrilateral with no parallel sides, and each of its pair of adjacent sides are not
congruent

Note that the definition of trapezoid and trapezium are often

interchanged at American and British versions, so it is
important to recognize the origin of the material.
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Trapezium
5 a quadrilateral with no parallel sides, and each of its pair of adjacent sides are not
congruent

Example:
The figure on the right is an example
of a trapezium.
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Rectangle
6 a parallelogram with four right angle

Example:
The figure on the right is an example
of a rectangle.
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Rhombus
7 a parallelogram with four congruent sides

Example:
The figure on the right is an example
of a rhombus.
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Square
8 a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four right angles

Example:
The figure on the right is an example
of a square.
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Rhomboid
9 a parallelogram with no right angles and whose adjacent sides are not congruent

Example:
The figure on the right is an example
of a rhomboid.
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Properties of Parallelogram
10

Property 1: A parallelogram must have a pair of parallel

opposite sides.
Property 2: In a parallelogram, any two opposite sides are
congruent.
Property 3: In a parallelogram, any two opposite angles are
congruent.
 Learn about It!

Properties of Parallelogram
10

Property 4: In a parallelogram, any two consecutive angles

are supplementary.
Property 5: The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each
other.
Property 6: A diagonal of a parallelogram form two congruent
triangles.
 Learn about It!

Naming Quadrilaterals
11 In naming quadrilaterals or polygons, write the letters in consecutive vertices

Example:
The figure on the right is
quadrilateral .
 Try It!

Example 1: is a parallelogram. If , units and units, what kind of

parallelogram is ?
 Try It!

Example 1: is a parallelogram. If , units and units, what kind of

parallelogram is ?

Solution:
Since , this means that is a right angle.
Thus, the parallelogram is either a rectangle or a square.
 Try It!

Example 1: is a parallelogram. If , units and units, what kind of

parallelogram is ?

Solution:
1. Draw the figure and write the given measurements.
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Example 1: is a parallelogram. If , units and units, what kind of

parallelogram is ?

Solution:
Based on the given measurements, we
can see that not all sides are congruent.
Thus, the figure is not a square but a
rectangle.

Thus, is a rectangle.
 Try It!

Example 2: In parallelogram , name the following parts

a. side congruent to
b. angle congruent to
c. angles supplementary to
 Try It!

Example 2: In parallelogram , name the following parts

a. side congruent to
b. angle congruent to
c. angles supplementary to
Solution:
1. Draw the figure.

With the given figure, it is easier to see

the necessary parts.
 Try It!

Example 2: In parallelogram , name the following parts

a. side congruent to
Solution:
2. Determine the side congruent to .

One of the properties of a parallelogram is

that the opposite sides are congruent. and
are opposite sides. Thus, is congruent to .
 Try It!

Example 2: In parallelogram , name the following parts

b. angle congruent to
Solution:
3. Determine the angle congruent to .

The opposite angles of a parallelogram are

congruent. and are opposite angles. thus,
is congruent to .
 Try It!

Example 2: In parallelogram , name the following parts

c. angles supplementary to
Solution:
4. Determine the angles supplementary
to .

The consecutive angles of a parallelogram

are supplementary. and are consecutive
angles as well as and .
 Try It!

Example 2: In parallelogram , name the following parts

c. angles supplementary to
Solution:
Thus, and are supplementary. and are
supplementary as well.
 Let’s Practice!

Individual Practice:

1. In parallelogram , units and units. If what kind of

parallelogram is ?

2. In rhombus , name the following:

a. angle congruent to .
b. sides congruent to .
c. angles supplementary to .
 Let’s Practice!

Group Practice:

is a rectangle. If , find , , and .

Key Points

Quadrilateral
1 a polygon with four sides and four angles

Parallelogram
2 a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel

Trapezoid
3 a quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides

Kite
4 a special type of quadrilateral with two pairs of congruent adjacent sides
Key Points

Trapezium
5 a quadrilateral with no parallel sides, and each of its pair of adjacent sides are not
congruent

Rectangle
6 a parallelogram with four right angles

Rhombus
7 a parallelogram with four congruent sides
Key Points

Square
8 a parallelogram with four congruent sides and four right angles

Rhomboid
9 a parallelogram with no right angles and whose adjacent sides are not congruent
Key Points

Properties of Parallelogram
10 Property 1: A parallelogram must have a pair of parallel opposite sides.
Property 2: In a parallelogram, any two opposite sides are congruent
Property 3: In a parallelogram, any two opposite angles are congruent.
Property 4: In a parallelogram, any two consecutive angles are supplementary.
Property 5: The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
Property 6: A diagonal of a parallelogram form two congruent triangles.

Naming Quadrilaterals
11 In naming quadrilaterals or polygons, write the letters in consecutive vertices