TOPIC: HYGIENE AND

SANITATION
BY : NEHA
ARYA
ARYAN
RITIKA
FROM BA(JMC) PROGRAMME
 Poster to
raise
awareness

HYGIENE about the

importance
of clean
water for
 It is a series of practices performed to preserve health . good
hygiene
 According to the World Health Organization (WHO),
"Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to
maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases
 Some basic examples of hygiene are:-
1.  cleaning your body every day
2. . washing your hands with soap after going to the toilet
3. covering your mouth and nose with a tissue (or your
sleeve) when sneezing or coughing
Examples of
hygiene
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?

 REDUCING
 IMPROVING
HEALTH
SELF HYGIENE
RISK

 KEEPING  FREE
SURROUNDINGS FROM
HYGIENIC DESIESES
DOES AND DONT’S
 SANITATION
 It is the process of keeping place free from dirt ,infection,
diseases ,etc. Clean water
 It is done by removing waste ,trash , cleaning streets ,safe
drinking water ,etc.

Why is it important? Removing trash

1. Important for social development
2. Helps the environment to grow
3. Important for health

Cleanliness drive
 ITS ROLE IN RURAL
AREAS
 In rural India, this is a huge problem.
 Only 31 per cent rural households were having any toilet TOILETS IN RURAL AREAS
facility in their households.
 Water and drainage facilities also remains at the one-
third level.
 Due to lack of drainage facility the low lying areas of
many villages and towns often get flooded during
monsoon season.
FLOOD DUE TO BLOCKED
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
 ITS ROLE IN URBAN
AREAS
 The situation in urban areas is better than rural areas, but
still one-third of the urban households have no access to
no access to piped
piped drinking water
drinking water
 Similarly one-fifth of urban households were not connected
to any drainage facilities and similar proportions have no
access to toilet facilities in urban areas.
 In many urban centres, there is no garbage collection
system and wastes are thrown in the open spaces along the
streets.
GARBAGE THROWN ON
STREETS IN URBAN AREA
 In many parts of urban areas even if the drainage system
exists, it gets choked as people throw garbage in the open
drainage.
 This leads to accumulation of wastewater leading to water
logging in many cities and towns.
 Thus, sanitation is a larger issue in urban areas

people throw garbage in the open water logging in many cities

drainage. and towns.
  CASE STUDY-1
     MAWLYNNONG
Mawlynnong is a village in the East
Khasi Hills district of
the Meghalaya state in Northeast
India . It is notable for its cleanliness
and known as Asia's cleanest village 

Mawlynnong is located 90 km

from Shillong , along the India–
Bangladesh border. Kalain "The Church of the Epiphany,
Gateway Of Barak Valley " is 187 km Mawlynnong
from Mawlynnong     
  DEMOGRAPHICS
• As of 2019, Mawlynnong had 900
residents. As of 2014, there are about
95 households in Mawlynnong. The
literacy rate is 90%. Agriculture is the
chief occupation of the local population,
with betel nut being the main crop.
During summers, one can find A road in Mawlynnong
pineapples and lychees which are then
exported to the nearby regions as well.
The people residing in the community
are khasi people. 
      SANITATION
• Mawlynnong is known for its
cleanliness. The waste is collected in the
dustbins made of bamboo, directed to a pit
and then used as manure. A community
initiative mandates that all residents
Bamboo dustbins in
should participate in cleaning up the Mawlynnong
village. Smoking and use of polythene is
banned while rainwater harvesting is
encouraged.
  CASE STUDY-2
  KHAN CHANDPUR
 The groundwater in Khan Chandpur
and surrounding villages is
contaminated with a carcinogenic
heavy metal .Residents of Khan
Chandpur village in Kanpur Dehat
Yellow water coming out of the
district of Uttar Pradesh describe the handpump in Khan Chandpur.
color of the water in their village
as ‘peela’ (yellow).
 PROBLEMS FACED
 However, in Khan Chandpur, people are
resigned to living with the toxic waste. Some
have even unwittingly used contaminated
material in the construction and renovation of
houses. The greenish hue of water, however,
has proven more difficult to swallow.
 There is high risk of further contamination of Villagers drinking contaminated
soil and groundwater as long as the source of water.
contamination is not contained,” a
CPCB report warned.
 WHO IS
RESPONSIBLE?
The Rania dump site, as it is known, is one
of hundreds of orphan sites in the country
where hazardous waste has been left out in
the open. The waste continues to poison
the water, air and soil long after the flight of
industry. In 299 of the 320 identified Soil getting polluted and green.
hazardous waste-contaminated sites in
India, people are using the groundwater for
drinking.
 COVID
First case of Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19)
was reported in December 2019 in Wuhan city of
China. Since then, the disease has caused significant
concern in the world due to its pestilent nature.
Some of the most common
symptoms of covid are:
 fever
 cough
 tiredness
 loss of taste or smell
Some of the less common
symptoms of covid are:
 sore throat
 headache
 aches and pains
 diarrhoea
a rash on skin, or discolouration of fingers or toes
 red or irritated eyes
 Swatch Bharat
Abhiyan
Swatchh Bharat Mission, Swatchh Bharat
Abhiyan, or Clean India Mission is a
country-wide campaign initiated by the
Government of India in 2014 to eliminate
open defecation and improve solid waste
management.
 Benefits of Swatch Bharat
Abhiyan:
 Theprogramme includes elimination of open
defecation, conversion of unsanitary toilets to
pour flush toilets, eradication of manual
scavenging, municipal solid waste
management and bringing about a behavioural
change in people regarding healthy sanitation
practices.
Where Government lacked to promote
Swatch Bharat Abhiyan:
 The swachhbharat abhiyan awareness is not
spread among illiterate people.
  TheGovernment of India should tell illiterate
people about the swachh bharat
abhiyan.Government Of India should tell them the
reasons and importance of swachh bharat
abhiyan.
 The Government of India has made toilets,facility
of door to door garbage collector.
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES ON
HYGIENE AND SANITATION
The Clean India Mission: world’s largest sanitation initiative
• Open defecation is one of the world’s greatest health risks
and a leading cause of child mortality, which is why the United
Nations want the practice stamped out by 2030. Five years
ago, India was home to 60 per cent of the world’s open
defecators, but the government claims that this number has This is part of the
been drastically reduced under its Clean India government-led Clean
Mission program, also known as the Swachh Bharat Mission.  India Mission
• In 2014, when the campaign was announced as a People’s Movement to
end open defecation, fewer than four in 10 rural Indian households
owned a toilet. By the end of the program, in connection with Mahatma
Gandhi’s 150th birthday on 2 October 2019, official figures put
coverage at 100 per cent.  
 Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
• Strengthening sustainable WASH programming
India has made rapid progress in ending open defecation across the Country which is having a huge
impact on improving water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Just a few years ago, in 2015, nearly half of
India’s population of around 568 million people suffered the indignity of defecating in fields, forests,
bodies of water, or other public spaces due to lack of access to toilets. India alone accounted for 90 per
cent of the people in South Asia and half of the 1.2 billion people in the world that defecated in the open.

By 2019, according to the latest estimates, the number of people without access to toilets has reduced
significantly by an estimated 450 million people. A tremendous achievement, only possible because of
the Swacch Bharat Mission (SBM) (Clean India Campaign), led by the Prime Minister. UNICEF has been a
proud partner of the Swacch Bharat Mission. 
 Going forward, it is important to ensure that there is
sustained usage of toilets by, all at all time.
• .Poor sanitation can also have a ripple effect when it hinders national development
because workers are suffering from illnesses and living shorter lives, thereby
producing and earning less, and unable to afford education and stable futures for
their children.
• Lancet report 2014
In India’s schools, recent reports also showed that 22 per cent did not have
appropriate toilets for girls, 58 per cent of preschools had no toilet at all and 56 per
cent of preschools had no water on the premises.
• Rapid survey on children 2013-14
Less than 50 per cent of the population has access to safely managed drinking
water (located on premises, available when needed and free of contamination). WASH in Schools
(including
Chemical contamination of water, mainly through fluoride and arsenic, is present in
preschools called
1.96 million dwellings.  Moreover, two-thirds of India’s 718 districts are affected by ‘anganwadis’),
extreme water depletion, and the current lack of planning for water safety and security WASH in health
is a major concern. facilities
 FACTS ABOUT
SANITATION IN INDIA
Open defecation and Women’s risk of being
communicable sexually assaulted is
waterborne disease are higher when private
highly concerning in and safe toilets are not
India. available.

The Ganges River provides water access

for around 400 million nearby dwellers,
and unfortunately, cities directly inject
over three-quarters of untreated sewage
 into the river.
Improving
Lack of adequate and Vulnerability against
sanitation in rural
appropriate toilets used to seasonal changes 
areas
contribute to the main undermines the capacity
reason for open  to provide sanitation in
defecation in India. India.
 SANITATION IN WORLD
Globally 3.6 billion people lack access to safely managed sanitation services. 
Almost 8% of the global population practices open defecation. Despite
significant gains — 2.4 billion people gained access to improved toilets or
latrines between 2000 and 2020 — sanitation was one of the most off-track
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) globally. Today, 1.7 billion people still
lack even basic services. Among those, 580 million shared improved
sanitation facilities with other households, counted as “limited” services and
616 million used “unimproved” facilities. The data reveal pronounced
disparities, with two thirds of people who still lacked even basic services
lived in rural areas. Nearly half of them lived in sub-Saharan Africa. The
world missed the MDG target for sanitation by almost 700 million people.

The world did not achieve the United Nations’

Millennium Development Goal (MDG) sanitation
target Now, the United Nations’ Sustainable
Development goal (SDG) is for everyone to have
“adequate and equitable” sanitation by 2030  3.
SANITATION WORLD WIDE
 A lack of sanitation also holds back economic growth.
Poor sanitation costs billions to some countries,
amounting to the equivalent of 6.3% of GDP in
Bangladesh (2007), 6.4% of GDP in India (2006), 7.2% of
GDP in Cambodia (2005), 2.4% of GDP in Niger (2012),
and 3.9% of GDP in Pakistan (2006). The economic
losses are mainly driven by premature deaths, the cost
of health care treatment, lost time and productivity
seeking treatment, and lost time and productivity
finding access to sanitation facilities. Pollution
resulting from improper disposal and treatment of
wastewater and domestic fecal sludge also affects
both water resources and ecosystems. At the same Water , Sanitation and hygiene
time, fecal sludge and wastewater can provide for stronger health
valuable resources (water, nutrients, soil conditioner,
briquettes and energy) and economic opportunities,
especially in urban areas and in water-scarce
environments.
THANK
YOU