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THE INDONESIANS
•The first immigrant came by the sea to the country
about 5,000 years ago.
•Tall with light skin, large and high nose and thin lips and
these were Indonesian A.
•Shorter and darker, large nose and lips and these were
Indonesian B.
•Lived in permanent homes, hunting, fishing and farming
and they were part of the New Stone Age.
•They painted their bodies with colored figures.

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 INDONESIANS

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B. METAL AGE
THE MALAYS
•The Malays came after the Indonesians about 2,000
years ago by boats from Southeast Asia.
•They were medium in height, brown-skinned, with dark
eyes, flat nose and straight black hair.
•They lived in larger villages, had government, writings,
music, arts and sciences and practiced agriculture,
fishing, mining, and trading.
•They developed copper, iron, jewellery.

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 MALAYS

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•Filipinos have contacts with other nations in Asia and
they were Vietnam, Cambodia, Siam, China, Arabia and
Japan.
•The influence of foreign trade led the use of common
languages and words we still used today.

Chinese Filipino English

Am-pau Ampau Puff corn
He-bi Hibi Dried shrimps
Hok-bu Hukbo Army
Peh-chichai Petsay Chinese cabbage

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Sanskrit Filipino English
Ahi Ahas Snake
Bhaga Bahagi Part
Kotta Kuta Fort
Ganda Ganda Beauty
Hari Hari King

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THE TEN BORNEAN DATUS

•Philippines and Indo-China suffered and the Chinese

pressed back by the Muslims.
•13th century Sulu was undergoing transformation.
•Sultan Makatunaw often mistreating his subjects.
•The ten chieftains decided to leave
•Datu Puti, Bangkaya, Gumalugdog, Sumakwel, Lubay,
Paiburong, Dumangsil, Balensusa, Paduhinog and
Dumangsol.

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•Sailed in their barangays without any destination
•They reached Panay and was inhabited by the Negritos.
•The leader was Datu Marikudo and his wife
Maniwantiwan.
•Datu Puti assured them of their peaceful intentions.
•Marikudo decided to sell his land to the newcomers.
•The Datus have settled in Panay.
•Balensusa and Dumangsil sailed northward to Luzon in
•Lake Bonbon now Taal.

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•Datu Dumangsil and Balensusa’s spread out their
neighboring regions now known as Laguna and Bicol.

•The seven Datus in Panay they divided the island into

three districts called Hantik now (Antique), under
Datu Sumakwel, Irong Irong now (Iloilo) under
Datu Paiburong and Aklan now (Capiz) under
Datu Bangkaya.

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THE CODE OF KALANTIAW

•The Code of Kalantiaw was a law or orders were

promulgated by the chieftains and the council of elders.

•1433 the third chieftain of Panay, Datu Kalantiaw the

descendant of Datu Sumakwel, issue orders for the
guidance of his people.

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Some Documents of the Code of Kalantiaw

I. Ye shall not kill; neither shall you steal; neither shall ye

do hurt to the aged.
II. Ye shall obey. He who does not obey shall received
one hundred lashes.
III. He who does not comply shall swim three hours or
beaten with sharp thorns.

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II. OUR FILIPINO HERITAGE
•Clothing of the Ancient Filipinos wore their traditional
clothing the kanggan with short sleeves and the lower
part was called the Bahag.
•The color of the jacket indicates the rank of the wearer

Example; The red was wore by the chief and the black or
for ordinary people.
•For the women it was composed of the upper and lower
parts, the baro or camisa a jacket with sleeves and the
lower part called the saya by the tagalogs and
patadyong by the Visayans.
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ORNAMENTS

•Early Filipinos wore many ornaments like the armlets,

bracelets, pendants, gold, silver, rings, leglets and
necklaces made from gold and silver.
•Gold was the most common commodity not only for
jewelry but for trading.
•They tattooed their bodies and faces to symbolized art
and bravery and the Visayans was the most tattooed.

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HOUSES

•The houses of the early Filipinos were made from

bamboo, palm, wood and stone.
•For the Igorots and the Kalingas of northern Luzon and
the Bagobos of Mindanao their houses were built on
tree tops.
•The Badjaos or Sea Gypsies of Sulu made their houses
on boats.

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SOCIAL CLASSES
•The society in the Pre-Spanish Philippines were divided
into three classes the nobles, the freemen and the
slaves.
•Nobles consist of the chief and their families and
enjoyed the rights.
•The freemen were called mahadlika dependents who
had earn their freedom.
•The lowest were known as slaves or alipin acquired low
status by captivity in war or failing to pay his debts.

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•Two kinds of slave were aliping namamahay and aliping
sagigilid.
•The namamahay had his own family and a house and
served his master during planting and harvest.

•The sagigilid could not marry without his master’s

consent and they could be sold anytime by their master.
•The women before the coming of the Spaniards enjoyed
a unique position in the society and could own a
property and engage in trade etc.

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MARRIAGE CUSTOMS
•The man was required to give a dowry or “Bigay-kaya”
was the type of dowry consisted of a piece of land or
gold.
•The custom is not that strict followed in which a man
belong to one class married a woman of the same class.
•The freeman was different in that the rice ceremony
was omitted and the dependents of marriage was
consummated without benefit of clergy.
•Simple as “Will you marry me?” If the woman agreed
they were considered married.
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GOVERNMENT
•The Barangay was the unit of government and consist
from 30 to 100 families.
•The tagalog word barangay was derived from the Malay
word balangay a which transported them to the shores.
•Each barangay was ruled by a chieftain and there was
no central government .
•Duty of the chieftain was to rule and govern his
subjects to promote welfare and interest.
•The barangay chief exercise the three powers the
Executive, Legislative and the Judiciary.
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LAWS

•The Laws of the barangay were often made by the chief

and were handed down from generation to generation.
•The Code of Kalantiaw was the example of the written
laws of the barangay including the Muslim Laws.
•Laws were dealt with various subjects such as
inheritance, divorced, partnership, crime and
punishment, property, family relations, and adoption.

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TAXATION
*Ancient Filipinos started the practice of paying taxes.
*The purpose of paying taxes was simple, it was for the
protection they received from the datu.
*The collected tax was called buwis.
*The chieftain’s family members were enjoying
exemption from paying taxes.
*Non-payment of taxes was already punishable during
this period.

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ECONOMY

*Domestic trade of different barangays from different

regions and islands were made possible using boats.
*Foreign trade was carried on with countries like Borneo,
China, Japan, Cambodia, Java and Siam (Thailand).
*Other means of livelihood were shipbuilding, weaving,
poultry raising, mining, weaving and lumbering.

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RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

•Ancient Filipinos believed in the immortality of the soul

and in life after death.
•Bathalang Maykapal is the equivalent to the Spanish
name Dios.
•They had other gods like the Idiyanale god of death,
Sidapa god of rainbow, Balangaw a war god,
Mandaragan a fire god, Agni the god of the under
world and others.

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BURIAL

•The deceased relative was placed in the wooden coffin

and buried complete with clothing, gold and other
things.
•They believe that the dead person would receive with
alacrity in the other world.
•The people made fire for the dead persons under the
house in other to prevent the coffin to be taken away
by sorcerers.

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LANGUAGE AND WRITING
•The Philippines has more than one dialects and eight of
these was considered to be the major languages.
•The tagalog, Ilocano, Pampangan, Bicolano, Waray and
others.
•Filipinos had a syllabry in writing derived from Sanskrit
and Arabic influences, the alphabet consist of 17
characters.
•3 were vowels and some were consonants
•They were written on the bark of trees, stones, bamboo
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LITERATURE

•The literature of the early Filipinos were composed of

oral and written literature.
•Consist of maxims (sabi), Bugtong (riddles), Boat song
(talindaw), Victory songs (tagumpay), Lullaby (uyayi)
Wedding song (ihiman), War song (kumintang) etc.
• Written literature are Biag ni Lam-Ang (Ilocano epic),
Indarapatra at Sulayman and Bidasari (Muslim Epics),
and Handiong (Bicolanos).

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SUPERSTITION

•The early Filipinos believes in sorts of superstition such

as the aswang a form of a dog or pig, mangkukulam by
pricking a doll with a magic pin, tikbalang use to show
at night .
•They used a sort of amulets called anting-anting and
other forms of objects used for protection.
•They also believe in diwatas for the Bisayans and for the
Tagalogs the anitos.

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 Aswang

Dwende

Kapre

Tiyanak

Mangkukulam
Tikbalang
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AMUSEMENTS

•The Filipinos are born musicians for they easily learned

tunes by ear.
•They have an instrument which is the kudyapi a small
guitar, the timbal a cymbal, gansa a sort of gong,
bamboo flute, long drum (colibao), bamboo harp
(subing), xylophone (agong) and others.
•Cockfighting, carabao races, running, sungka and other
forms of sport and games played by the early Filipinos.

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EDUCATION
*To transmit knowledge, it was acquired through
observation, imitation and practice.
*Children were taught to read and write by their parents.
*The purpose of education during their time was for
survival.
*Their father on hunting animals taught males, fishing,
agriculture and other economic activities .
*The mothers in managing the household taught females.

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DIET
•The foods of the early Filipinos were aside from rice
they eat carabao meat, chickens, pigs, goats, cattle,
ducks. Fish, shellfish, root crops like potatoes, yams and
vegetables.
•The fruits were very common in the diet like the
banana, mangoes, langka, coconut, pineapple, durian
and other tropical fruits.
•Rice, meat and vegetables were cooked in earthen pots
or bamboo tubes and sometimes they roasted it.
•They often take a bath or wash their hands before
eating.
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•Their form of beverage was water, coconut juice and
juices from tropical fruits.

•They used their hands instead of spoon and fork and

their plate was made from banana leaves and for
drinking was from coconut shells.

•The wine and liquor are made from fermented coconut

juice called lambanog and tuba, from fermented rice
the basi and tapuy and other forms of drinks.

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