Project Title

Motion Based Automatic Door Opener

Under the Guidance of

Submitted by
 ABSTRACT
Our system puts forward an automatic and precise door opening system
based on human movement sensing near the door. Well opening a door
in places like hotels, Shopping complexes, and offices can be a tedious
task and sometimes requires hiring a person just for the sake of opening
door whenever a person arrives.
Well this project proposes a system that allows for automatic door
opening solution by sensing human presence near it. Our system
achieves this functionality with the help of PIR sensors. PIR stands for
passive infrared sensors. Every live body emits some infrared energy.
This energy is sensed by a PIR sensor from a good distance. This signal
is then processed and door is opened and closed based on this data.
When a living being arrives within the sensor range, it detects its
presence and sends out a command that opens the door. The door then
automatically closes after a specific time delay if there is no further
motion near the door.
The system can be later enhanced by integrating counter mechanism
so as to keep track of the number of persons inside the facility.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
1.Transformer
2.8051 series Microcontroller
3.Transistor
4.PIR sensor
5.Diodes
6.Motor with sliding door
7.Motor Driver IC
8.Crystal
230 V AC Bridge rectifier 5v Regulator
50 Hz

5V
DC

Filter(470µf)
12V step down
transformer
 It is a smaller computer
 Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...

CPU RAM ROM

A single chip
Serial
I/O Timer COM Microcontroller
Port
Port
External interrupts
On-chip Timer/Counter
ROM for
Interrup program On-chip Timer 1 Counter
t code RAM Inputs
Control Timer 0

CPU

Bus Serial
4 I/O Ports Port
OSC Control

P0 P1 P2 P3 TxD RxD

Address/Data
 Compatible with MCS®-51 Products
 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
 Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
 Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
 32 Programmable I/O Lines
 Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
 Eight Interrupt Sources
 Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
 Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
 Watchdog Timer
 Dual Data Pointer
 MOTOR DRIVER (L293D)
Features:
Wide supply-voltage range: 4.5V to 36V
Separate input- logic supply
Internal ESD protection
Thermal shutdown
High-Noise-Immunity input
 Functional Replacements for SGS L293 and SGS L293D
Output current 1A per channel (600 mA for L293D)
 Peak output current 2 A per channel (1.2 A for L293D)
Output clamp diodes for Inductive Transient suppression(L293D)
 DESCRIPTION
L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated
circuit (IC).
In its common mode of operation, two DC motors can
be driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse
direction.
The motor operations of two motors can be
controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15.
Input logic 00 or 11 will stop the corresponding
motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in clockwise and
anticlockwise directions, respectively.
Enable pins 1 and 9 (corresponding to the two
motors) must be high for motors to start operating.
When an enable input is high, the associated driver
gets enabled
 DC- MOTOR
A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on
direct current (DC) electricity. In any electric
motor, operation is based on simple
electromagnetism.
A simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here red
represents a magnet or winding with a "North"
polarization, while green represents a magnet or
winding with a "South" polarization).
Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor
(a.k.a., armature), stator, commutator, field
magnet(s), and brushes.
 BC547 (NPN –Transistor)

The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial

Silicon Transistor.
It is used in general-purpose switching and
amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100
mA NPN general-purpose transistors.

The ratio of two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the DC Current Gain of

the device and is given the symbol of hfe or nowadays Beta, (β).
The current gain from the emitter to the collector
terminal, Ic/Ie, is called Alpha, (α), and is a function of the
transistor itself
 PIR SENSORS
The PIR (Passive Infra-Red) Sensor is a pyroelectric device that detects
motion by measuring changes in the infrared levels emitted by surrounding
objects. This motion can be detected by checking for a high signal on a single
I/O pin.
Apparent motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature,
such as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another
temperature, such as a wall 
Features:-
Single bit output
 Small size makes it easy to conceal
 Compatible with all Parallax microcontrollers
 Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, real-
time kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated environments,
evaluation boards, and emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3,
XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families.

 Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to

object code. Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the
underlying microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors.
 i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like ‘C’ will compile
the code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86
(underlying microprocessor in the computer).

 For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the

Compilers for Unix platform  So if one wants to define a compiler
then compiler is a program that translates source code into object
code.
 “The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded systems” by
Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi , Pearson
Education.
 ATMEL 89S52 Data Sheets.
 www.atmel.com
 www.beyondlogic.org
 www.wikipedia.org
 www.howstuffworks.com
 www.alldatasheets.com
 K Y O U
THAN