MICRO-ORGANISM FOUND IN

WATER
AND REMOVAL TECHNIQUE

PREPARED BY :-
Pratik Pagar (39)
Sanket Pandit (40)
Laxmikant Ramlod (42)
Narendra Sangale (45)
CONTENT
 Introduction​
 Microorganisms present in Drinking water.
 Removal Techniques.
 INTRODUCTION
• Microoganisms are organisms (such as bacteria,
viruses, and protozoas) that are too small to be
seen without a microscope. While most
microorganisms are harmless,”infectious”
microorganisms can multiplay in the body and
cause illness or disease.
• Microorganism removal by ultrafiltration (UF),
microfiltration (MF), chlorination, trickling
filter, slow sand filter and rapid sand filter.
 MICROORGANISMS YOU CAN FIND IN
DRINKING WATER

1. Cryptosporidium 6. Rhizopus stolonifera

2. Anabaena Sp 7.  Naegleria fowleri
3. Rotifers 8. Legionella Pneumophila
4.  Copepods 9. Chaetomium sp
5.  E. Coli 10. Salmonella Enterica
 5

CRYPTOSPORIDIUM ANABAENA SP. ROTIFERS COPEPODS

Rotifers are a relatively
Cryptosporidium is what’s This pleasant looking
common microorganism
known as a protozoan—a slinky is Anabaena Copepods are a group of
that can be found pretty
single-celled organism— circinalis a cyanobacteria small crustaceans found in
much everywhere in the
and is most famous for that lives in freshwater nearly every freshwater
world. And they’re also one
giving people bouts of reservoirs around the and saltwater habitat.
of the most common
crippling diarrhea, a world, notably Australia,
drinking water
condition affectionately Europe, Asia, New
contaminants, despite
referred to as Zealand, and North
growing as large as 1mm at
cryptosporidiosis. America.
times.
 6

E. COLI RHIZOPUS STOLONIFERA NAEGLERIA FOWLERI LEGIONELLA

We all know about E. coli, PNEUMOPHILA
or Escherichia coli, a
bacteria that lives in, on, The ameba can be found
Rhizopus stolonifera can
and around fecal matter. in: Warm fresh water, such
grow in acidic Legionella pneumophila is
Escherichia coli (E. coli) as lakes and rivers.
environments with a pH of a thin, aerobic, 
bacteria normally live in Geothermal (naturally hot)
as low as 2.2. The pH range pleomorphic, flagellated,
the intestines of healthy water, such as hot springs.
can vary from 2.2 to 9.6. non-spore-forming, 
people and animals. Most Warm water discharge
Ultraviolet irradiation can Gram-negative bacterium
types of E. coli are from industrial or power
delay spore germination of the genus Legionella.L
harmless or cause plants.
relatively brief diarrhea.
 Chaetomium sp.
Chaetomium sp. spores aren’t
particularly dangerous, although
in some cases they can cause an
infection known as
phaeohyphomycosis. They can
also present a hazard to people
who are allergic to the spores,
and even that typically only
happens with chronic exposure.
Salmonella Enterica
Salmonella enterica (formerly
Salmonella choleraesuis) is
a rod-shaped, flagellate,
facultative aerobic, Gram-
negative bacterium and a
species of the genus Salmonella.
A number of its serovars are
serious human pathogens .
 REMOVAL
TECHNIQUES

ULTRAFILTRAT CHLORINATION TRICKLING SLOW SAND RAPID SAND

ION FILTER FILTER FILTER
 ULTRAFILTRATION
Ultrafiltration (UF) is a water
purification process in which
water is forced through a
semipermeable membrane.
Suspended solids and high-
molecular-weight solutes remain
on one side of the membrane, the
retentate side, while water and
low-molecular-weight solutes
filter through the membrane to
the permeate side.
CHLORINATION
Water chlorination is the
process of adding chlorine or
chlorine compounds such as
sodium hypochlorite to water.
This method is used to kill
bacteria, viruses and other
microbes in water. In particular,
chlorination is used to prevent
the spread of waterborne
diseases such as cholera,
dysentery, and typhoid.
 TRICKLING FILTER
A trickling filter is a type of
wastewater treatment system. It
consists of a fixed bed of rocks,
coke, gravel, slag, polyurethane
foam, sphagnum peat moss,
ceramic, or plastic media over
which sewage or other
wastewater flows downward and
causes a layer of microbial slime
to grow, covering the bed of
media.
SLOW SAND FILTER
Slow sand filters are used in
water purification for treating
raw water to produce a potable
product. They are typically 1–2
m deep, can be rectangular or
cylindrical in cross section and
are used primarily to treat
surface water.
 RAPID SAND FILTER

The rapid sand filter or rapid gravity filter is a type of filter used
in water purification and is commonly used in municipal drinking
water facilities as part of a multiple-stage treatment system.
Rapid sand filters were first developed in the 1890s, and
improved designs were developed by the 1920s.
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