THEORY OF FORMS AND Credo, Kobe

SPACE
De Guzman, Stefany Casey D.
Famero, James Miñion
AR130 | BR1 Olmillo, Crisha Lou T.
PRIMARY ELEMENTS |
POINT
•A point marks a position in space. Conceptually, it has no length,
width or depth, and is therefore static, centralized, directionless.
•A point theoretically has neither shape nor form. It begins to make
its presence felt when placed within a visual field.
•A point has no dimension. To visibly mark a position in space or
on the ground plane, a point must be projected vertically into a
linear form, as a column, obelisk, or tower.
PRIMARY ELEMENTS |
POINT
Example:

ST. PETER’S
SQUARE, VATICAN
CITY
PRIMARY ELEMENTS |
LINE
•A line is a critical element in the formation of any visual
construction.
•A line must have some degree of thickness to become visible.
•A horizontal line can represent stability, the ground plane, the
horizon, or a body at rest.
•Buildings also can be linear in form, particularly when they
consist of repetitive spaces organized along a circulation path.
PRIMARY ELEMENTS |
LINE
Example:
JOHN HANCOCK CENTER,
CHICAGO
PRIMARY ELEMENTS |
PLANE
•Planes or surfaces are 2-dimensional abstract forms.
• Shapes are the concrete equivalent.
• A plane can appear either dotlike or linelike depending on its
contour and its relative size to the size of the space and other
elements around it.
PRIMARY ELEMENTS |
PLANE
Examples:
MAPUA
INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
 PRIMARY ELEMENTS |
VOLUME
Architectural Volume
- The total architectural areas of a building (repeating the area
of a story for additional floors) including the measurement from
beneath the lowest floor to the average height of the roof surface
for each various building height.
- Volumes are empty space defined by surfaces, lines, and
points. When we fill in the space or give the perception that the
space within a volume has been filled to some degree the
volume contains mass.
- Volumes advance when compared to a plane and also carry
greater mass and visual weight than planes or surfaces.
- a plane extended becomes a volume with properties and
length, width, depth, form, space, surface, orientation, position
PRIMARY ELEMENTS |
VOLUME
Example:
4x4 House
by Architect Tadao Ando
 FORM AND SPACE
•Architectural form is the point of contact between
mass and space.
•Forms have visual properties of size, color, and
texture.
•Forms also have relational properties which govern
the pattern and composition of elements: position,
orientation and visual inertia.
 FORM AND SPACE
Regular and Irregular Forms
•Regular forms refer to those whose parts are related
to one another in a consistent and orderly manner.
Forms can retain their regularity even when
transformed dimensionally or by the addition or
subtraction of elements.
•Irregular forms are those whose parts are dissimilar
in nature and related to one another in an inconsistent
manner. They are generally asymmetrical and more
dynamic than regular forms.
 FORM AND SPACE
Transformation of form
•All other forms can be understood to be transformations
of the primary solids.
•Dimensional transformation is done by altering one or
more of its dimensions and still retain a member of a
family of a form. A cube for example can be transformed
into similar prismatic forms through discrete changes in
height, width or length. It can be compressed into a
planner form or be stretched out into a linear one.
 FORM AND SPACE
Subtractive Transformation
•A form can be transformed by subtracting a portion of
its volume. Depending on the extend of the subtractive
process, the form can retain its initial identity or be
transformed into a form of another family. For
example, a cube even though a portion of it is
removed, or be transformed into a series of regular
polyhedrons that begin to approximate a sphere.
 SPACE
ORGANIZATION
Centralized Organization
• A centralized organization consists of a number of
secondary spaces grouped around a dominant,
central space that is generally regular in form and
large enough to gather a number of secondary
spaces about its perimeter. The central organizing
space may be either an interior or exterior space.
• The secondary spaces may be equivalent to one
another in function, form and size, and create a
geometrically regular or symmetrical composition.
 SPACE
ORGANIZATION
Linear Organization
•A linear organization consists essentially of a series of
spaces. These spaces can either be directly related to
one another or be linked through a separate and
distinct linear space.
• A linear organization usually consists of repetitive
spaces which are alike in size, form, and function.
•It may also consist of a single linear space that KINO architects: spiralab chemical research

organizes along its length a series of space that differ laboratory

in size, form, or function. In both cases, each space

 SPACE
ORGANIZATION
Radial Organization
• A radial organization consists of a central space
from which a number of linear organizations
extend in a radial manner.
• The central space of a radial organization is
generally regular in form. The linear arms, for
which the central space is the hub, may differ
from one another in order to respond to
individual requirements of function and context.
 SPACE
ORGANIZATION
Clustered Organization
• A clustered organization relies on physical
proximity to relate its spaces one another. It often
consists of repetition, cellular spaces that have
similar functions and share a common visual trait
such as shape or orientation.
• A clustered organization can also accept within its
composition spaces that are dissimilar in size, form
and function, but related to one another by proximity
or an ordering device such as symmetry or axis.
Habitat 67
 SPACE
ORGANIZATION
Grid Organization
•A grid organization consists of forms and spaces
whose positions in space and relationship with one
another are regulated by a three-dimensional grid
pattern or field.
• The grid, create by two, usually perpendicular sets
of parallel lines, establish a regular pattern of points
at their intersections. Projected into the third
dimension, the grid pattern is transformed into a set
of repetitive, modular unit of space, within which
spaces can occur as isolated events or as repetitions
 VISUAL
PERCEPTION
VISUAL PERCEPTION
- takes place as the observer comes in contact and interacts with
the visible surroundingings, is externally oriented. Reflected off
the surfaces of the external world, light arrives in the eye where it
touches off reactions of sensitive receptor cells.
- Those are the rods that initiate sensations.
- This is the delicate process by which things seen are transmitted
to the brains thing visually perceived.
- Through that between objects and perception, we come to see
and know the world around us, and find our way in buildings and
cities
 VISUAL
PERCEPTION
- Visual images build up over time,
and are stored away in memory.
Each contributing the our
perception of the visual world.
- The eye and the mind construct
the total experience of one’s
lifetime, which tempers each new
perception of the world and is
unique to ever individual.
REFERENCES
https://rinbo.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/form-space-order-summary.pdf
http://vanseodesign.com/web-design/form-surface-volume/
http://www.slideshare.net/muyora/basic-theory-of-architecture