Significance of Art

Forms from the

Regions
Pretest
Directions. Read and understand each test item carefully
then write the letter of the correct answer.
 1. Which would be an appropriate subject for a
still-life painting?
A.the Egyptian Pyramids C. a vase of flowers
B. a nude model D. Prince Charles
 2. An artist who regularly uses a mixture of
oxygen and acetylene to produce his works is
working with which medium?
A. clay B. metal C. stone D. textiles
3. Which of these does NOT describe
what art is?
A.Produces aesthetic objects that
express important ideas or feelings
B.Production of aesthetic objects
that are either beautiful
C.Unconscious use of creative
imagination
D.Conscious use of skill
4.Music in the highland and lowland
hamlets have a strong Asian
elements, while in the urban areas
where influenced by .
A. American and Norwegian
B. American and European
C. American and Spanish
D. Chinese and Korean
5. The religious and secular
music were influenced by .
A.American and Norwegian
B. Spanish and European
C.American and Spanish
D. Chinese and Korean
6.The Philippine Old Asian music was referred
as .
A.indigenous C. modern
B. old D. unique
 
7.What is the role of folk dances and music to
the Filipinos?
A.To tell history and preserve traditions
B.To entertain for extra income
C.To become famous
D.Just for fun
 
8.When was the first golden age of Philippine
Cinema?
A. 1940 B. 1950 C. 1960 D. 1970
9. When was the second golden age of
Philippine Cinema?
A. 1940 B. 1950 C. 1960 D. 1970
10.A movie from Cannes Film Festival where
it tells about murder and police brutality.
A.Calibre 45 C. Palakasan Blues
B.Kinatay (Butchered) D. Pinatay (Murdered) 
11. What is the importance of theater in

Philippine arts?
A. It is the means of liberal and artful way of
expressing opinions and talents.
B. It is the way of showing interests and
willingness to portray

C. To become blockbusters in Philippine movies

D. For recreation and entertainment

 
12.The re-enactment of the passion of
Christ.
A.cenakulo C. moro-moro
B. pasyon D. zarzuela
 
13.This book by Capinpin helps the Filipinos
to learn the Spanish languages in a simple
way.
A.Librong Pag-aaralan ng mga
Tagalog nang Wikang Kastila
B.Librong Malikhain tungkol sa Wikang
Kastila
C.Librong Pagsasanay para sa mga
Filipinos
D.Librong Gawain para sa Wikang Kastila
14.The time were the secular subject matter
in painting increased.
A.17th centuryC. 18th century
B. 19th century D. 20th century
 
15. What does the Bul-ul of Ifugao represents?
A.beauty, luxury, happiness, power
B.wealth, happiness, and well-being
C.power and beauty
D.wealth and power
Key Answer:
1. C – Vase of flower
2. B - Metal
3. C - Unconscious of Creative Imagination
4. C - American and Spanish
5. B - Spanish and European
6. A - Indigenous
7. A -To tell history and preserve tradition
8. B - 1950
9. D- 1970
10. B-Kinatay
11. A- Liberal and Artful way
12. A –Cenakulo
13. A- Librong Pag aaralan ng mga Tagalog ng
Wikang Kastila
14. B- 19nth centurt
15. B- Wealth, Happiness and Well-being
Directions: Match the words from Column A to the
Philippine Art Forms from Column B. Write your
answer on another sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. Cenakulo A. Theater
2. Okkil B. Painting
3.Banga C. Music
4.Markang DemonyoD. Dance
5.Palay Maiden E. Cinema/Movie
6.MumbayF. Sculpture
7. Tinikling G. Handicraft
8.Mababangong Bangungot
9.Planting Rice
10.Panolong
Key Answer:
1. A- Theater 9. B- Painting
2. F- Sculpture 10. F- Sculpture
3. F- Sculpture/Handicraft
4. B- Painting
5. B- Painting
6. B- Painting
7. D-Dance
8. E- Movie
Music

Although, geographically, the

Philippines belongs to the East, its
music has been heavily influenced
by the West owing to 333 years of
Spanish rule and 45 years of
American domination.
 Music in the highland and lowland
hamlets where indigenous culture
continues to thrive has strong Asian
elements. Spanish and American
influences are highly evident in the
music of the urban areas.
Three main roots are apparent:
1.an old Asian influenced music referred to
as the indigenous;
2. Religious and secular music
influenced by Spanish and
European forms; and
3.an American/European
inspired classical, semi-classical,
and popular music
 A system to classify Philippines'
music is a geographic or ethno-
linguistic approach: for example,
traditional Tagalog music, which
is somewhat more Hispanic
in flavor, differs from Ifugao music
and Islam influenced Maranao
kulintang music.
In indigenous music, various
kinds of instruments are made
of bronze, bamboo or wood.
These include gongs of various
kinds of size and shapes, drums,
flutes, zithers, lutes, clappers and
buzzers.
Harp Flute
Different Kinds of Musical Instruments
Kulintang - a row of small brass or bronze gongs
 
 Vocal genres include epics relating
genealogies and exploits of heroes and gods;
work songs related to planting, harvesting,
fishing; ritual songs to drive away evil spirits
or to invoke blessings from the good spirits;
songs to celebrate festive occasions
particularly marriage, birth, victory at war, or
the settling of tribal disputes; mourning songs
for the dead; courting songs; and children's
game songs. It is this type of music that is
still practiced today by the indigenous groups.
Dance

  As varied are the people of the

Philippines, so too are the dances.
There are many dances performed in
the Philippine Islands such as the
popular "Tinikling", to the exoticized
"Pangalay", to the skill-based
interpretation of the "Banga" and
Spanish-tinged "Jota"
 Dances are performed
anytime and anywhere. This
starts in the morning in schools,
where dance is an integrated
part of education. It lasts till
late in the night especially when
there is a fiesta.
Dancing is deep inside Filipinos.
"Dancing keeps us away from
negative things, when you move,
everything is positive, there’s no
right or wrong, you release all your
emotions and it will end up with a
beautiful smile."
The Philippines have many popular
folk dances which have evolved and
changed as they have been passed
down from generation to generation.
Although a particular dance might be
performed slightly differently from
one region to the next, its remains
true to its roots.
Dancing plays an important role in
Filipino culture, telling their
history and preserving traditions
through folk dances and music.
These dances are entertaining to
observe, and even more fun to
learn and perform yourself.
A dancer at the Lanzones festival in
Camiguin
Top Fifteen Popular Folk Dances
in the Philippines
1.Tinikling
Tinikling! This is probably the most popular
folk dance in the Philippines. I think every
Filipino student had the chance to perform the
Tinikling dance at least once in their lives,
especially during Buwan ng Wika (Filipino
Language Month). The dance originated from
the province of Leyte, a Visayan Island.
2. Kuratsa
Next up, it’s the Kuratsa Dance which
originated once again in the province of Leyte
and Samar. It is usually danced during fiestas,
family reunions, weddings, and even birthday
parties! The version of the dance is slightly
different from one province to the otherThe
most popular version is called the Kuratsa
Menor, while other versions such as Kuratsa
Mayor, Kuratsa-han Kadam-an, and Kuratsa
nga Pinayungan.
3. Singkil
The Singkil dance originated from
the Maranao people of Mindanao.
It is based on the story of
Darangen, a pre-Islamic Marano
interpretation of the popular
Hindu epic, the Ramayana
4. Cariñosa
The Carinosa dance is also one of
the most popular Filipino folk
dances. In fact, it has also been
considered as the national dance of
the Philippines under the Marcos
regime.
5. Itik-Itik
This popular folk dance in the
Philippines represents the literal
translation of its name Itik, which
means a duck. That’s right, a duck
dance! The dancers do their best to
imitate the movements of a duck such
as flying, wading, and even short steps
in the most creative way possible.
6. Pandanggo sa Ilaw
Number 6 on the list is also one of the most
popular and visually aesthetic folk dances in the
Philippines, the Pandanggo sa Ilaw. It is sometimes
referred to as the “Dance of Lights”. Basically, the
dance is performed with three (3) oil lamps that the
dancer has to balance, a lamp is placed on each
hand, and the other one is balanced on the top of
the head. Moreover, the marking time which is ¾ is
signified using castanets or finger-snapping.
7. Maglalatik
Another popular folk dance of the
Philippines is called the Maglalatik or
sometimes, Magbabao. Wonder why? Well,
for one, “latik” refers to the sweet delicacy
achieved by boiling coconut milk. Another is
because the main prop and instrument for
the dance are called the “bao” or coconut
shell. Unlike all of the other dances before,
this one only includes male dancers.
8. Sayaw sa Bangko
Sayaw sa Bangko literally translates to
“dance on top of a bench”, which is a
folk dance that originated from the
province of Pangasinan. Normally, the
width of the benches is only 6 inches.
Imagine how hard it is just to stand on
that chair.
9. Binasuan
Next up! Originating once again from the
province of Pangasinan is the Binasuan folk
dance. Just like the famous Pandanggo sa
Ilaw, this is also a dance featuring the
balancing skills of the dancers. “Binasuan”
literally means “with the use of drinking
glasses”. The dancers execute the routine
with glasses filled with rice wine placed on
each of their hands and on top of their heads.
10. Pantomina
Pantomina is originally a wedding
dance performed by the newlyweds
themselves to show their unwavering
love to their family and relatives. The
visitors usually throw coins at the
couple and sometimes a plate is placed
on the ground so people can put money
on it.
11. Pandanggo Oasiwas
Another popular folk dance in this list
comes from the province of Pangasinan, it’s
called the Pandanggo Oasiwas. Yup! This
one’s also similar to the Pandanggo sa Ilaw,
the difference is just that the oil lamps are
placed in nets or cloths and the dancers
swing them around (“Oasiwas” means “to
be swung around”) as they sway and circle
around the dance floor.
12. La Jota Moncadena
Next up, it’s the La Jota Moncadena
dance of Moncada, Tarlac. It is a
combination of Spanish and Ilocano dance
with Spanish music and castanets
dictating the routine. This dance is usually
performed at festivals and weddings but
sometimes its more solemn version is also
used to accompany funeral processions.
13. Habanera Botolena
Another popular folk dance in the
Philippines is yet again performed during
weddings. The Habanera Botolena combines
both Filipino and Spanish techniques to
showcase the beautiful love and happiness
existing between the newlyweds. The
dancers, of course, are composed of the
bride and groom, and their respective
bridesmaids and groomsmen.
14. Surtido
Next up! This one’s probably one of the
most culturally diverse folk dances in the
Philippines, perfectly representing the
diverse culture and history of the country
itself. The Cebuano dance Surtido, which
literally translates to “assortment” is a
creative mix of dance routines featuring
the cultures of Spain, Mexico, France, and
other indigenous influences.
15. Kappa Malong-Malong
This beautiful dance originating from the
Maranao tribes of Mindanao Island called the
Kappa Malong-Malong is probably one of the
most aesthetically pleasing dance routines on
the list. This is because the costumes, called the
malong, are all beautifully and colorfully made
by the Maranao tribes. The malong is a
traditional “tube skirt” that is hand-woven in
multi-colored cotton cloth with geometrically
pleasing designs.
Movie
  In August 1897, Liebman and Peritz, two Swiss
entrepreneurs, presented the first imported
movies on the Lumiere Cinematograph in Manila
at Escolta Street.
Using the Lumiere Cinematograph as a camera,
Antonio Ramos locally filmed Panorama de Manila
(Manila landscape), Fiesta de Quiapo (Quiapo
Fiesta), Puente de España (Bridge of Spain) and
Escenas Callejeras (Street scenes), making him the
first movie producer in the Philippines
 After the second world war, a
resurgence of Visayan films came
about through Lapu-Lapu Pictures.
The 1950s were labeled as the first
golden age of Philippine cinema. Four
big production studios (LVN Pictures,
Sampaguita Pictures, Premiere
Productions and Lebran International)
were at their peak in filmmaking.
 The 1970s were the second golden
age of Philippine cinema with the
period of the avant-garde filmmakers.
In 1977, Kidlat Tahimik, made a
film entitled Mababangong Bangungot
(Perfumed Nightmare), which won the
International Critic’s Prize in the Berlin
Film Festival that same year.
 The year 2009 brought the highest
international esteem to a Filipino
filmmaker when Brillante Mendoza
was judged as the Best Director at the
Cannes Film Festival for his film
Kinatay (Butchered), a movie about
murder and police brutality.
 But the one film out of ten is a
piece of art. It's not always accepted
by the average movie goers, but it
stands out of the mass production of
Mumbay and Hollywood inspired
productions. The Cannes Film Festival
proves that Pinoy movies can be
outstanding.
 The Cannes Film Festival is
one of the 3 most important film
festivals in Europe aside Venice
and Berlin. A "Palme d'Or" in
Cannes is culturally much more
worth than an "Oscar" in
Hollywood. The Oscar is just
another promotion tool to see.
Today 9 out of 10 movies are
"Bollywood" style
Theater
 

Theatre arts have long been

existing as a part of the Filipino
tradition and serve effectively as a
medium of social awareness and
entertainment. It is also a means of
liberal and artful way of expressing
opinions and talents.
As part of the Philippine tradition, many
festivals and occasions are celebrated in
the country where theatre arts are in use.
For instance, during Holy Week, "Cenaculo"
takes place as an on-stage performance
that re-enacts the passion of Christ.
Another is the Moro-Moro which expresses
the conflict between Christians and
Muslims in the country.
 The Philippine Madrigal Singers
 
Painting
 

The first paintings were commissioned works

during the Spanish colonial era. Since most
art produced during the first two centuries of
Spanish occupation were for the church, the
friars enforced strict supervision over their
production. Until the 19th century, art was
only for the church and religious use. There is
also some Chinese influence which can be
found in the brush handling.
Tagalog painters Jose Loden, Tomas
Nazario and Miguel de los Reyes, did
the first still life paintings in the
country. They were commissioned in
1786 by a Spanish botanist to paint
the flora and fauna found in the
country.
 Secular subject matter in painting only
increased during the 19th century. With more
tourists, ilustrados and foreigners demanding
souvenirs and decorations from the country,
tipos del pais developed in painting. These
watercolor paintings show the different types of
inhabitants in the Philippines in their different
native costumes that show their social status
and occupation. It also became an album of
different native costumes. Damian Domingo y
Gabor (ca. 1790-1832) was the most popular
artist who worked in this style.
 Several Filipino painters had the
chance to study and work abroad.
Among them were Juan Novicio Luna
and Felix Resureccion Hidalgo who
became the first international Filipino
artists when they won the gold and
silver medals in the 1884 Madrid
Exposition.
During the American period (1900-45)
on-demand portraitists included
Fabian de la Rosa, Miguel Zaragoza,
Teodoro Buenaventura, Jorge Pineda
and above all, Fernando Amorsolo,
whose style would dominate the
period.
Amorsolo designed the logo for Ginebra San
Miguel (Markang Demonyo) depicting St.
Michael vanquishing the devil. The logo is
still in use in its original form today. The
owner of the beverage company, Don
Enrique Zobel, who is an ardent patron of
the arts, was so impressed by his work that
he offered to send Amorsolo to the Academia
de San Fernando in Madrid for further
studies with a generous stipend for himself
and his family.
Despite his exposure to Western influences,
Fernando Amorsolo retained his Filipino
consciousness. He was drawn more towards
the gentle rolling hills and rice fields of the
Philippines rather than the cosmopolitan
world of Europe's proud cities. Even his
illustrations of Spanish women were drawn
with slender physiques, narrower hips, and
smaller breasts more typical of Filipinas
rather than full bodied Caucasian women. One
of his most copied paintings is the "Palay
Maiden".
Another contemporary artist I know is Valentino
Goyenechea Jr. He lives with his family in
Dumaguete (Negros). Goyenechea is a visual artist in
different domains such as painting and photography.
Two of his paintings decorate our house.
This article contains excerpts of Ronnie Pasigui's
presentation. Another very interesting website is Go
Philippines, a blog dedicated to all Filipinos, locals,
OFW, migrants and tourists to gain more knowledge
about Philippines.
Sculpture
Early carved human figurine are
known from the cordilleras. Still
today, the bulols, or "Ifugao rice
Gods," are kept in the house or
granary, and are usually made in pairs.
They are carved of narra wood, which
represents wealth, happiness, and
well-being.
 Every step in their production
requires a ceremony, from tree
selection to arrival at the owner's
house. A consecrated bulol has been
bathed in pig's blood, had myths
recited to it, and received offerings of
wine, ritual boxes, and rice cake
 The carvings brought to the
Philippines by early Arab and
Russian missionaries were of
beveled type as the slanting type
called Okkil. Although the word
literally means it is not confined
to carving alone but also refers to
design.
 A familiar example of sculpture with the
integration of architecture is the Art Deco
Style of the Metropolitan Theater at
Liwasang Bonifacio completed by Juan
Arellano in 1931.
Woodcarving comes in ornamental
form in the houses of the Maranao like
that of the "torogan" which features the
"panolong", an extended beam carved with
the Sarimanok or the Naga design.
 Napoleon V. Abueva is known as
the "Father of Modern Philippine
Sculpture". He was born in Tagbilaran,
Bohol in 1930. In 1951, he won the
Pura Villanueva- Kalaw scholarship
and finished Bachelor of Arts in
Sculpture in University of the
Philippines in 1953.
 Abueva utilized almost all
kinds of materials from hard wood
(molave, acacia, langka wood, ipil,
kamagong, palm wood and
bamboo) to adobe, metal, stainless
steel, cement, marble, bronze,
iron, alabaster, coral and brass.
 Among the major works of Abueva
are: Kaganapan (1953), Kiss of Judas
(1955), The Transfiguration at the
Eternal Garden Memorial Park (1979),
Fredesvinda in Fort Canning, Nine
Muses at the UP Faculty Center (1994),
Sunburst at the Peninsula Manila Hotel
(1994) and the bronze figure of Teodoro
M. Kalaw in front of National Library.
Handicraft
Inspired by the Japanese One Village
One Product Movement of 1979, the
Philippines' OTOP program was proposed
by then-President Gloria Macapagal-
Arroyo as early as 2002 and launched in
2004. Current Filipino President
Benigno 'Noynoy" Aquino has authorized
the continuation of the OTOP program.
 OTOP products vary, and can
include fruits, specialty dishes, or
handmade products. Examples of
OTOP products include Arabica coffee
in the Cordillera region, cacao
products in San Isidro in Davao del
Norte, and brooms in Santa Fe in
Nueva Vizcaya.
 Other OTOP products are the Lanzones fruits
and the famous Pastel buns in Camiguin. The
Bicol Express in Naga-City isn't a train but a
spicy food. Another good example is the potter's
village of Lezo in Aklan, Panay.Handicraft you
can see anytime and anywhere in the
Philippines. On nearly any island you find a
black-smith who makes the traditional bolos.
Fishermen wear the typical conic hat made of
sliced bamboo or palm leaves. Hand made items
are usually not expensive, are decorative and
make the perfect gift (pasalubong) for your
family and your friends.
Literature
  The first book printed in the Philippines is the
"Doctrina Christiana", see also the written
language. It had been published 1593 in Manila.

Tomas Pinpin wrote and printed in 1610

"Librong Pagaaralan nang mga Tagalog nang
Wikang Kastila", 119 pages designed to help
fellow Filipinos to learn the Spanish language
in a simple way. He is also credited with the
first news publication made in the Philippines:
"Successos Felices".
 On December 1, 1846, La
Esperanza, the first daily newspaper,
was available in the country. Other
early newspapers were La Estrella
(1847), Diario de Manila (1848) and
Boletin Oficial de Filipinas (1852).
In 1863, the Spanish government introduced a
system of free public education that had an
important effect on the ability of the population to
read in Spanish and further in the rise of an educated
class called the Ilustrado (meaning, well-informed).
Spanish became the social language of urban places
and the true lingua franca of the archipelago. A good
number of Spanish newspapers were published until
the end of the 1940s, the most influential of them
being Renacimiento,printed in Manila by members of
the Guerrero de Ermita family.
 Prepared by:

HAYDEE Prado- NIETO

T-III, Subject Teacher