J.B.

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(UGC AUTONOMOUS)
Accredited by NAAC & NBA, Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to JNTUH

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PROJECT REVIEW – 2
ON
DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL SELF-HEALING CONCRETE USING CARBON
NANOTUBES

UNDER THE GUIDANCE

M. MOTHILAL Asst.Prof

PRESENTED BY:-
Vujjini Raghuvardhan :- 20675A0114
Aduwala Vigneshwar:- 19671A0141
PROJECT COORDINATOR
Chinthala Subhash:- 20675A0118
Dr. R.Suresh ASSOC. PROF
Sontam. Charan Kumar Reddy:- 19671A0129
Mohammed Faizan:- 18671A0177
 INTRODUCTION LITERATURE OBJECTIVES SCOPE OF THE METHODOLOGY
REVIEWS PROJECT AND MATERIALS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

DISCUSSIONS
 INTRODUCTION
Concrete that can heal itself after being broken or damaged is a new type of
material. Due to the rising demand for long-lasting and environmentally
friendly infrastructure, the development of self-healing concrete has become
a significant topic of study. Concrete's mechanical and self-healing qualities
could be improved with the help of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and healing
agents. The creation of innovative self-healing concrete utilizing carbon
nanotubes will be covered in this talk. We'll go into the theories underlying
CNTs' self-healing capabilities, concrete mixing methods, and prospective Single-Walled Carbon
uses for this cutting-edge substance. You will have a thorough grasp of the Nanotubes
most recent advancements in self-healing concrete technology as well as the
possible advantages it may bring to the construction industry by the end of
this presentation.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

•LITERATURE
REVIEWS
R. Snoeck, N. Van den Heede, N. De Belie, and E. Schlangen, published in the
Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures (2014)
1. The paper describes the development of self-healing concrete using microencapsulated
healing agents.

2. The microcapsules contain a healing agent that is released when a crack appears, which then
fills the crack and restores the material's integrity.

3. The study shows that the use of microencapsulated healing agents can significantly improve
the self-healing capabilities of concrete.

4. The impact of the microcapsules on the mechanical properties of the concrete is minimal,
with no significant reduction in the strength and stiffness of the material.

5. The paper demonstrates the potential of using this approach to improve the durability and
lifespan of concrete structures.
 S. U. Mohamed, A. E. Mustafa, and H. E. Mohamed published in
Materials Science Forum (2021)
1. The study investigates the effect of adding different weight ratios of carbon nanotubes (CNT) to
cement matrix on the mechanical properties of CNT/cement composites (CNTCC).

2. The CNTCC samples were prepared as cubes and cylinders using a rotary mixer for homogeneous
distribution.

3. The mechanical properties of the CNTCC, including compressive strength, indirect tensile
strength, and hardness, were evaluated using standard tests.

4. The study shows that the addition of CNT can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of
CNTCC, with the optimum loading ratio being 0.04% by weight.

5. The improvement in mechanical properties is attributed to the uniform dispersion of CNT and the
bridging effect on cracks in the composite.
 Tanvir Qureshi and Abir Al-Tabbaa published in Intech open in the
year 2019

1. Concrete is widely used but requires intensive repair and maintenance throughout its design
life.

2. Self-healing concrete and cementitious materials can recover after initial damage and
address these challenges.

3. Self-healing technology can mitigate unnecessary repair and maintenance of built

infrastructure and reduce CO2 emissions from cement production.

4. Autogenic or intrinsic self-healing can be achieved using fiber, shrinkable polymers,

minerals, and supplementary cementitious materials.

5. Autonomic self-healing can be achieved using non-traditional concrete materials such as

microscale to macroscale capsules and vascular systems with polymeric, mineral, and bacterial
agents.
 Mugahed Amran, Ali M. Onaizi, Nikolai Ivanovicn Vatin published in National Library
of Medicine in the year 2022
1. Concrete is a widely used construction material, but it is prone to fracture formation, which has
led to an increase in interest in self-healing materials.

2. Self-healing concrete (SHC) has the capacity to heal and lower the need for external
intervention, limiting reinforcement corrosion, and concrete deterioration, and increasing
durability.

3. This article provides a thorough review of SHC, including strategies, influential factors,
mechanisms, and efficiency of self-healing, as well as critical synopses on properties,
performance, and evaluation of the self-healing efficiency of SHC composites.

4. The review highlights the potential of SHC as a superior concrete candidate and a turning point
for developing sustainable and durable concrete composites for modern construction.

5. The article suggests that SHC is an interdisciplinary research topic integrating chemistry,
microbiology, civil engineering, material science, and more.

6. The limitations and prospects of SHC, as well as hotspot research topics for future
investigations, are also highlighted.
OBJECTIVES
1. Enhancing the self-healing ability of concrete buildings to increase their durability and lifetime by
using carbon nanotubes and healing agents.

2. By eliminating the need for regular maintenance and replacement, we may create a more sustainable
and cost-effective means of restoring concrete buildings.

3. Incorporating carbon nanotubes into concrete can improve its mechanical and electrical characteristics,
which can reinforce the material and allow the transmission of therapeutic chemicals.

4. Studying the underlying mechanics of concrete self-healing and how the inclusion of carbon nanotubes
might improve this process.

5. Optimizing carbon nanotube content, dispersion, and orientation in concrete to enhance their
effectiveness in facilitating self-healing.
METHODOLOGY &
MATERIAL
MATERIALS

CEMENT
•Binding ingredient for strength and durability
•Portland cement most popular type made from limestone, clay,
and minerals
•Chemical process of hydration occurs when water is added to
Portland cement
•In this project we are using 53-grade OPC
AGGREGATES:

•Granular substance used as filler in concrete

•Provides volume, minimizes shrinkage, and enhances
mechanical qualities FINE AGGREGATE
•Recycled materials such as crushed concrete, glass, and
ceramics can be used
•Size and form of aggregate affect workability and appearance
•Natural crushed stone most used type

COARSE AGGREGATE
CARBON NANOTUBES:
•Cylindrical structures composed of carbon atoms
•High strength, aspect ratio, and surface area
•Improve mechanical and electrical characteristics of
concrete and promote the delivery of healing chemicals
•Can be integrated by mixing, spray coating, or
electrospinning
HEALING AGENTS:
•Bacteria, chemicals, capsules, or carbon nanotubes used as
healing chemicals
•Microorganisms can initiate a biological self-healing process
•Chemicals launch chemical process forming solid polymer
•Capsules release healing ingredients
•Carbon nanotubes act as conduits for medicinal substances
• In this project, we are using polyurethane and epoxy resins polyurethane and epoxy resins capsules
capsules
•ADDITIVES:
•Plasticizers added to improve workability,
decrease water needed, and increase
durability
•Lignosulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates,
and polycarboxylates are types of
plasticizers
•Important technique in the building
industry for efficient and cost-effective
construction
•In this project we are POLYCARBOXYLATE
ETHER (PCE)
 METHODOLOGY

Literature
Selection of Materials and
Review
Materials Equipment

Preparation of Test on selected Concrete Mix

Samples material Design

Testing of Analysis of
Samples samples
 MIX DESIGN
1. Target mean strength (fck):
As per the IS: 10262:2019 clause no 4.2 , the target mean strength for M40 grade concrete is 40 + 1.65 x standard deviation = 40 + 1.65 x 5 = 48.25 N/mm²

2. Water-cement ratio: Based on the target strength and the type of cement used (Ordinary Portland Cement, grade 53), the maximum permissible water-cement ratio is 0.4 as per Table
5 of IS 456:2000.

3. Cement content: The cement content is calculated using the water-cement ratio and the weight of water per cubic meter of concrete as follows: Water-cement ratio = 0.4 Weight of
water per cubic meter of concrete = 186 kg Cement content = (Weight of water / Water-cement ratio) = (186 / 0.4) = 465 kg/m3

Admixtures are used the water content can be reduced by 20% and above the actual water to be used=(186-(20/100*186)=148.8kg

4. Fine aggregate content = (0.35 x 1000) / (1 + (3.15/2.75) + (2/100)) = 679.2 kg/m3 Where 1000 - Total weight of aggregates in kg/m3 3.15 - Specific gravity of cement 2.75 -
Specific gravity of fine aggregate 2 - Percentage of moisture in fine aggregate

5. Coarse aggregate content: The coarse aggregate content is calculated by subtracting the weights of cement, water, and fine aggregate from the total weight of the mix. Therefore:
Coarse aggregate content = (1000 - (477.5 + 191 + 679.2)) = 652.3 kg/m3

6. Calculation of admixture content: The use of superplasticizers is allowed to achieve the desired workability of the concrete while maintaining a low water-cement ratio. As per
Clause 5.3.4 of IS 10262:2019, the maximum permissible dosage of superplasticizer is 0.5% by weight of cement. Here, we assume that the superplasticizer has a specific gravity of
1.15 and a dosage of 0.3% by weight of cement. Therefore, the weight of superplasticizer required per cubic meter of concrete is Weight of superplasticizer = (0.3 / 100) x 477.5 x
(1/1.15) = 12.7 kg/m3

7. Final mix proportions:

Cement: 477.5 kg/m3

Fine aggregate: 679.2 kg/m3

Coarse aggregate: 652.3 kg/m3

Water: 148.8 kg/m3

Superplasticizer: 12.7 kg/m3

 LIST OF TEST
1. Specific Gravity of Cement
2. Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregates
3. Specific gravity of Coarse Aggregate
4. Water Absorption Test of Aggregate
5. Slump Cone Test
6. Compression test of Casted Cubes (3,7,21 Days)
7. Tensile Strength
8. Permeability of Concrete
Microscope Tests for study of the Behaviour of CNT’s and Healing Agent in the concrete
9. scanning electron microscopy
10. transmission electron microscopy
11. X-ray diffraction
1. Specific Gravity of Cement