THE CAMPAIGN FOR REFORMS

(1882-1892)
Objective:
 THE REFORM MOVEMENT
AFTER THE EXECUTION OF:
It was a peaceful period on the surface
because the Filipino were cowed into
silence by the Spanish authorities. There
were threats of persecution for those who
would oppose or criticize Spanish rule.
MARIANO JOSE JACINTO
The educated and the wealthy were
GOMEZ BURGOS ZAMORA discontented because of the abuses of the
Spaniards and because they were not free
to air their complaints or even allowed to
participate in the administration of the
government.

As a result, The educated and the wealthy

left for the Spain where there was
freedom. There , they studied and worked
for the introduction of reform movement,
begun 1882.
 The important Filipino reformist
Graciano Lopez Jose Rizal Marcelo H. Del
Jaena Pilar

-Was the great orator -Was the great thinker & -Was the great political
writer analysist & journalist
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA

- was born in Jaro, now a part of Ilo-Ilo city on December 18, 1856.

- His parents were Placido Lopez & Maria Jacobo.

- He studied at the seminary of Jaro to become a priest, but later on,

he changed his mind to become physician instead.

- He wrote a long story about a certain friar he name “FRAY BATOD”.

- In 1889, he founded the fortnightly newspaper “La Solidaridad’’ (Solidarity).

LA SOLIDARIDAD aimed:
I. To fight reaction
II. To stop all efforts to keep the Philippines a backward country
III. To extol liberal ideas
IV. To defend progress
-The newspaper became the propaganda arm of the Filipino of the
Filipino reformist in Spain.
He also delivered speeches defending them from the cruel charges
of Spanish writers like Pablo Feced and Wenceslao E. Retana, who were
anti-Filipino. In all his speeches he praised the Philippines and called
“Pearl of the orient” . In one of his speeches, he called the PHILIPPINES.
He expressed the demand of the Filipino reformist.
 These demand included the following:

1. Representation in the Spanish Cortes

2. The right to vote

3. Freedom of speech, of assembly, and the press

4. Freedom of commerce

5. The removal of the friars from the Philippines because they were an

obstacle to progress.

6. The education of the people

7. Reforms in the jails of the country

8. The abolition of the diezmos prediales or the tithe consisting of the

one-tenth of the produce of the land.

Graciano Lopez Jaena:
- suffered from hunger and illness and on
January 20,1896.
He died in Barcelona,Spain.
 Jose Rizal
The most brilliant of the Filipinos
during his time, Rizal was born in
Calamba, Laguna on June 19,1861.
He studied at the Ateneo Municipal and
later at the University of Santo Thomas.
He went to Europe to continue his
medical studies.
In 1882, he went to Spain with the help
of his unle and brother Paciano.
-At the of 26, he wrote his first novel
‘’NOLI ME TANGERE” or “touch me
Rizal wrote poems, essays, and
many articles that all showing
his love of country, his
patriotism, his love of parents,
his happiness and sorrows.
Because of his attacks
On the civil and ecclesiastical
authorities in the Philippines,
they hated him and worked for
his arrest.
They found a concrete basis and
He was first banished to Dapitan, Zamboanga, and later tried by
a military court that sentenced him to be shot to death. He was
executed on Bagumbayan Field(Now Luneta/Rizal Park on
December 30,1896.
 MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
Who even his Spanish called the “Greatest Journalist” produced by the
purely Filipino race,” was born in the barrio of Cupang, Bulacan , on
August 30, 1850. he studied at the college of San Jose and later at the
university of Santo Thomas, Where he finished his law studies in 1880.
In 1882, He founded the Tagalog-Spanish newspaper, Diariong
tagalog,
which , although short-lived, Publish suggestion on how to improve the
administration of the country.
In 1888, the Spanish friars of Bulacan persuaded the Spanish officials
of
the province to arrest Del Pilar, but his admirers warned him about the
order
for his arrest and so he secretly left to spain. A year after his arrival in
spain, he became the editor of LA SOLIDARIDAD.
TWO OF HIS BOOKS IN SPANISH WHICH
BECAME FAMOUS:

I. La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas (Monastic sovereignty in

the Philippines)

II. La Frailocracia Filipina (Frailocracy in the Philippines)

-CAIINGAT CAYO
-DASALAN AT TOKSOHAN
-KADAKILAAN NG DIYOS
-SAGOT NG ESPAÑA SA HIBIK NG FILIPINAS
-Due to his heavy work and lack of proper food ,
Del Pilar contracted Tuberculosis.

-He wanted to return to the Philippines because he believed

that the campaign for reforms was a failure and that it was
time to shift to revolutionary action, unfortunately, he died
on July 4,1896.
The Pro-Filipino Societies
The Filipino who went to Spain believed that it was wise for them to seek the
help of Spaniards with liberal ideas. In order to cultivate the friendship and
sympathy of these Spaniards, Filipinos organized societies with members that
were sympathetic to the cause of introducing reforms in the Philippines ,
whether they were Spaniards or Filipinos. In 1882, they organized the Circulo
Hispano-Filipino (Journal of the Spanish circle).
But this newspaper and the society did not last long . It died a natural death
because of lack of financial support and, most of all, lack of leadership. Another
society was founded with patriotic aims, the Association Hispano-Filipina,
which was inaugurated in 1889.
FREEMASONRY & ITS ROLE
The Filipino reformist in Spain did not spare any effort to win friends
for the sake of the country. During the last decade of the 19th century.
Many Spaniards with liberal ideas were masons. The Filipino
reformist ,including Rizal, Lopez Jaena, Del Pilar, Antonio luna ,and
others, decided to join masonry not only because they wanted to win
friends among Spanish, but also because of its anti-Friar character.
Lopez Jaena was very active in masonry. He thought of bringing
together all Filipino masons when he founded the lodge, Revolution, in
Barcelona in 1889.
• Early in 1891-Nilad in Manila.

Aims of the organization.

1) To work for freedom & prosperity of the Philippines
2) To work for good government
3) To ask for representation in the Spanish cortes
4) To establish the Philippines as the province of spain.
AIM OF LA LIGA FILIPINA:

1. TO UNITE THE WHOLE ARCHIPELAGO INTO ONE STRONG BODY.

2. TO GIVE MUTUAL PROTECTIONS OF ALL MEMBERS IN CASE OF

NECESSITY.

3. TO ENCOURAGE AGRICULTURE, COMMERCE, AND EDUCATION.

4. TO DEFEND MEMBERS AGAINST ANY KIND OF VIOLENCE INJUSTICE;

5. TO STUDY AND APPLY REFORMS.

WHY THE REFORM MOVEMENT FAILED?