REVIEW OF RELATED

LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
OBJECTIVES
•SELECTS, CITES AND
SYNTHESIZES PROPERLY
RELATED LITERATURE.
OBJECTIVES
•USES SOURCES
ACCORDING TO
ETHICAL
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
THIS IS A WRITTEN SUMMARY OF
JOURNAL, ARTICLES, BOOKS, AND
OTHER DOCUMENTS THAT DESCRIBES
THE PAST AND CURRENT STATE OF
INFORMATION ON THE TOPIC OF YOUR
RESEARCH STUDY.
PURPOSE
OF
RRL
1. TO FIND OUT
CONNECTION OF YOUR
RESEARCH TO THE
CURRENT CONDITIONS OR
SITUATION OF THE WORLD.
2. TO KNOW MORE ABOUT
THEORIES OR CONCEPTS
UNDERLYING YOUR RESEARCH
AND TO LEARN FROM THEM
WITH RESPECT TO YOUR OWN
RESEARCH STUDY.
3. TO DISCOVER THE
RELATION OF YOUR
RESEARCH WITH
PREVIOUS RESEARCH
4. TO OBTAIN
INFORMATION ON THE
ACCURACY OR
RELEVANCE OF YOUR
RESEARCH QUESTIONS.
5. TO FAMILIARIZE
YOURSELF WITH
TECHNICAL TERMS
RELATED TO YOUR
6. TO CLARIFY
MISCONCEPTIONS ON PREVIOUS
RESEARCH AND HELP REFOCUS,
POLISH, AND CONTRIBUTE TO
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
BODY OF KNOWLEDGE.
7. TO DETERMINE POSSIBLE GAPS,
CONFLICTS, AND OPEN QUESTIONS
LEFT FROM OTHER RESEARCH
WHICH MIGHT HELP YOU IN
FORMULATING AND JUSTIFYING
YOUR RESEARCH IDEAS.
 PARTS OF RRL
•INTRODUCTION
•BODY
•CONCLUDING PARAGRAPH
 STEPS IN
CONDUCTING
SYSTEMATIC
REVIEW
1.CLARIFYING THE
 STEPS IN CONDUCTING
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
2. PLANNING THE RESEARCH
BASED ON YOUR
UNDERSTANDING OF THE
 STEPS IN CONDUCTING
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

3. SEARCHING FOR
LITERATURE
 STEPS IN CONDUCTING
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

4. LISTING
CRITERIA FOR
CONSIDERING THE VALUES
OF WRITTEN WORKS.
 STEPS IN CONDUCTING
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
5. EVALUATING THE
QUALITY OF PREVIOUS
FORMS OF KNOWLEDGE
 STEPS IN CONDUCTING
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

6. SUMMARIZING THE
VARIOUS FORMS OF
KNOWLEDGE COLLECTED
 Critically evaluate Write a
Identify
and select the literature
key terms literature review

1. 3. 5.
4.
2.

Organize the
Locate literature literature
SOURCES FOR
LITERATURE
REVIEW
 PRIMARY
EXAMPLES: LETTERS,
CORRESPONDENTS, DIARIES,
MEMOIRS, AUTOBIOGRAPHIES,
OFFICIAL OR RESEARCH TOPICS.
 SECONDARY
EXAMPLES: ACADEMIC JOURNAL
ARTICLE(OTHER EMPIRICAL RESEARCH,
ARTICLES REPORTS), CONFERENCE
PRECEDING, BOOKS(CHAPTER OF
BOOKS), DOCUMENTARIES.
 TERTIARY
EXAMPLES: ENCYCLOPAEDIAS,
DICTIONARIES, ATLASES,
HANDBOOKS.
CATEGORIES OF SOURCES
1. DOCUMENTS
2. NUMERICAL RECORDS
3. ORAL STATEMENTS
4. RELICS
ETHICAL STANDARDS IN
LITERATURE-REVIEW
WRITING
1. ACKNOWLEDGE THE
OWNERS OF BORROWED
IDEAS.
 ETHICAL STANDARDS IN
LITERATURE-REVIEW
WRITING
3. PUT QUOTATION MARKS AROUND
COPIED WORDS FROM BOOKS OR
ARTICLES.
4. PROPER CITATION AND
LITERATURE SYNTHESIS
BRINGING TOGETHER OF
MATERIALS FROM DIFFERENT
SOURCES AND CREATION OF AN
INTEGRATED WHOLE.
 TYPES OF SYNTHESIS

1.EXPLANATORY
THE PRIMARY AIM IS TO PRESENT FACTS IN
A REASONABLY OBJECTIVE MANNER.
EXPLANATIONS GIVEN MAY ENTAIL
DESCRIPTIONS, SEQUENCE OF EVENTS OR
2. ARGUMENT SYNTHESIS
THE PURPOSE IS TO PRESENT YOUR
OWN POINT OF VIEW WITH THE
SUPPORT OF RELEVANT FACTS
DRAWN FROM SERVICES AND
PRESENTED IN A LOGICAL MANNER.
Author Author Author
1 2 3

Grand idea
 META-ANALYSIS
A KIND OF REVIEW OF LITERATURE IN
WHICH YOU RE-EXAMINE AND COMBINE
THE RESULTS OF TWO OR MORE
STATISTICAL STUDIES FOR COMING OUT
WITH A GRAND TOTAL TO INDICATE
STRONGER EFFECTS OF THE RESEARCH
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
AND REFERENCING
STYLES
 REFERENCING TO AUTHORS
WITHIN THE MAIN BODY OF THE
PAPER IS CALLED CITATION OR
IN-TEXT CITATION; AT THE END
OF THE PAPER, IT IS CALLED
BIBLIOGRAPHY OR REFERENCES.
IN-TEXT CITATION
EXAMPLE: BY AUTHOR
•CRUZ (2002) STATES THAT RESEARCH
IS …
•DELA TORRE (2005) DESCRIBED THE
RESEARCH AS …
IN-TEXT CITATION
EXAMPLE: BY TOPIC
•ACCORDINGLY, RESEARCH IS
… (RIO, 2000; LUNA &
MAGSAYSAY, 2005)
IN-TEXT CITATION
EXAMPLE: CHRONOLOGICAL
•YU (2005) STATES THAT …
•AND (2007) DISCUSSED ABOUT…
•CHU (2010) DELIBERATED REGARDING
…
 PLAGIARISM
IT IS THE MOST WIDELY
RECOGNIZED AND ONE OF THE
MOST SERIOUS VIOLATIONS OF
THE CONTACT BETWEEN THE
READER AND THE WRITER.
 PLAGIARISM
IT REFERS TO USING
SOMEONE ELSE’S WORDS OR
IDEAS, AND PASSING THEM
OFF AS YOUR OWN.
 PLAGIARISM
IT IS TRADITIONALLY DEFINED AS
THE TAKING OF WORDS, IMAGES,
IDEAS, ETC. FROM AN AUTHOR
AND PRESENTING THEM AS ONE’S
OWN.
IN WRITING THIS
SECTION…

1. USE THE STATEMENT OF

PROBLEM AS GUIDE TO
STRUCTURE AND
IN WRITING THIS SECTION…

2. AVOID ‘COPY/CUT AND

PASTE; ALL LITERATURE
CITED MUST FORM A
COHERENT WHOLE.
IN WRITING THIS SECTION…

3. LAST PART HIGHLIGHTS

GAPS IN LITERATURE
SPECIFICALLY
ADDRESSED BY YOUR
IN WRITING THIS SECTION…

4.USE APPROPRIATE
FORMAT FOR CITATIONS
AND REFERENCES.
IN WRITING THIS SECTION…

5. CITED REFERENCES
SHOULD BE CONGRUENT
TO BIBLIOGRAPHY
ENTRIES.
ANY QUESTIONS?
ACTIVITY TIME!
DIRECTIONS: USING THREE (3) RELATED
LITERATURES FROM YOUR RESEARCH
TOPIC, MAKE A SYNTHESIS OF YOUR
RESEARCH STUDY USING THE MATRIX.
VARIABLES SOURCE SOURCE SOURCE
Grand
1 2 3 Idea
(With In-text
Citation)

Main Idea Main Idea Main Idea

Main Idea Main Idea Main Idea