LIFE AND WORKS OF

RIZAL

By: group 3
 CHAPTER 14:
RIZAL IN LONDON
BY: CHARLES JUEGOS
 CHAPTER 14: Rizal in london
 After visiting the United States, Rizal lived in London from May 1888 to
March 1889.
 He chose the English City to be his new home for 3 reasons:
✣ 1. To improve my knowledge of the English Language. ENGLISH
✣ 2. To study and annotate Morgas Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas.
✣ Antonio de Morga
✣ 3. London was safe place for me to carry on my fight against Spanish tyranny.
 Trip Across the Atlantic
 Rizal was on board the SS City of Rome.

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 CHAPTER 14: Rizal in london
✣ While on the board, Rizal entertained the American and European
passengers with his marvelous skill of the yoyo as a defensive
weapon.
 Adelphi Hotel Liverpool, England He spent his night at Adelphi
Hotel Rizal arrived at Liverpool, England on May 24, 1888
 Rizal wrote to his family:
✣ Liverpool is a big and beautiful city and its celebrated port is
worthy of its great fame. The entrance is magnificent and the
customhouse is quite good Life in London.

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 CHAPTER 14: Rizal in london
 On May 25,1888, Rizal went to London. He stayed as a guest at the home
of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, an exile of 1872 and practicing lawyer in
London.
✣ Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor
 By the end of May, he found a modest boarding place at No. 37 Chalcot,
Crescent, Primrose Hill.
✣ Rizal was a boarder of the Beckett family.
 The Beckett Family
✣ Mr. Beckett, organist of St. Paul’s Church Mrs. Beckett (his wife)2 sons4
daughters
 I called “Rizal” a “Pearl of Man”. I was impressed by Rizal’s teaming and
character and he gladly recommended Rizal to the authorities of the
British Museum.
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 CHAPTER 14: Rizal in london
 News from Home, Bad news
 1. Persecution of the Filipino patriots who signed the Anti-friar
Petition 1888.
✣ 2. Persecution of the Calamba tenants
✣ 3. Furious attacks on Rizal by Senators Salamanca and Vida in the
Spanish Cortes and Wenceslao Retana and Pablo Feced in Spanish
newspapers. Bad news
 Bad news
✣ 4. A friend of Rizal, Laureano Viado, a medical student at the
University of Santo Tomas, was arrested and Jailed in Bilibid prison
because of the copies of Noli that were found in his house.

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 CHAPTER 14: Rizal in london
✣ 5. Rizal’s brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, husband of Saturnina
was exiled by Governor General Weyler to Bohol without due
process of law.
 News from Home, Good news
 One good news cheered Rizal, and that was Rev. Vicente Garcias
defense of the Noli against the attacks of the friars.
✣ Mariano Ponce Rizal heard this good news from Mariano Ponce.
Later, on January 7, 1891, he wrote to Father Garcia, expressing his
personal thanks.
✣ Annotating Morgas book

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 CHAPTER 14: Rizal in london
 The greatest achievement of Rizal on London was the annotating of
Morgas book, Sucessos de Las Isla Filipinas which was published in
Mexico, 1609.
✣ British Museum Rizal spent many days in the reading room of the
British Museum poring over the pages of this book and laboriously
reading the old histories of the Philippines.
 Short visit to Paris and Spain
 Early in September 1888, Rizal visited Paris for a week in order to search
for more historical materials Bibliotheque Nationale.On December 11,
1888, Rizal went to Madrid and Barcelona, Spain. For the first time,
Rizal met Marcelo del Pilar and Mariano Ponce, the two titans of
Propaganda movement.

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 CHAPTER 14: Rizal in london
 Christmas in London (1888)
 Christmas in London (1888) Rizal returned to London on December
24 and spent Christmas and New Year’s days with the Becketts.To his
friend, Bluemetritt, Rizal sent as Christmas gift a bust of Emperor
Augustus which he had made. To another friend, Dr. Carlos
Czepelak, Rizal gave as Christmas gift a bust of Julius Cesar.
 Rizal’s landlady, Mrs. Beckett, knowing of his interest in magic, gave
him as Christmas gift a book entitled The Life and Adventures of
Valentine Vox, the Ventriloquist.
 Rizal becomes leader of Filipinos in Europe

9
 CHAPTER 14: Rizal in london
 By unanimous vote of all the members, Rizal was chosen honorary president
of society called Asociacion La Solidaridad (Solidaridad Association) This
was a recognition of his leadership among all Filipino patriots in Europe.
 `Rizal and the La Solidaridad Newspaper
 On February 15, 1889, Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the patriotic
newspaper called La Solidaridad in Barcelona, Spain.Graciano Lopez Jaena
 1. To work peacefully for political and social reforms
 2. To portray the deplorable conditions of the Philippines so that the Spain
may remedy them.
 3. To oppose the evil forces of reaction and medievalism.

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 CHAPTER 14: Rizal in london
 4. To advocate liberal ideas and progress.5. To champion the legitimate aspirations of
the Filipino people to life, democracy and happiness. aims:
 Rizal’s First Article in La Solidaridad
 It was published on March 25, 1889, six days after he left London for Paris. Rizal’s
first article in La Solidaridad was entitled Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino
Farmers).
 Writings in London
 Rizal received news on Fray Rodriguez unabated attack on his Noli. In defense he
wrote a pamphlet entitled La Vision del Fray Rodriguez (The Vision of Fray
Rodriguez) which was published in Barcelona under his pen name Dimas Alang.
✣ In La Vision del Fray Rodriguez. I demonstrated two things:
✣ my profound knowledge of religion and my biting satire.

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 CHAPTER 14: Rizal in london
 In London, Rizal wrote the famous Letter to the Young Women of Malolos in Tagalog He
penned it, upon the request of Marcelo del Pilar to praise the young ladies of Malolos for
their courage to establish a school where they could learn Spanish, despite opposition of
Father Felipe Garcia, Spanish parish priest of Malolos.
 Dr. Frost, editor of Trubners Record, a journal devoted to Asian studies, requested Rizal
to contribute some articles. Dr. Reinhold FrostIn response to his request, Rizal prepared
two articles which were published in June 1889.
 1. Specimen of Tagal Folklore 2. Two Eastern Fables.
 Romance with Gertrude Beckett.
 Rizal had a romantic interlude with the oldest of the three Beckett sisters Gertrude
(Gettie). Gettie, as she was affectionately called, was a buxom English girl with brown
hair, blue eyes, and rosy cheeks.

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 CHAPTER 14: Rizal in london
✣ I fell in love with Rizal. On cold winter mornings I had a sunny smile
for him, chattering gaily like a humming bird. During the family
picnics, I was particularly very happy because Rizal was with them
and I gave him all my attention. And in rainy days when Rizal stayed
at home, I helped him by mixing his colors for painting or assisted in
preparing the clay for sculpturing
 Their friendship drifted towards romance. Rizal affectionately called
her Gettie and she fondly called him Pettie. As their flirtation was fast
approaching the point of no return. Rizal suddenly realized that he
could not marry Gettie for he had a mission to fulfill in life.

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 CHAPTER 14: Rizal in london
 Rizal suppressed the passionate yearning of his heart, and decided to go
away so that Gettie may not forget him. Before leaving London, Rizal
finished four sculptural works:
✣ 1. Prometheus Bond
✣ 2. The Triumph of Death over Life
✣ 3. A composite carving of the heads of the Beckett sisters (gave as farewell
gift to the Beckett sisters)
✣ 4. The Triumph of Science over Death
 Adios, London
✣ Suddenly on March 19, 1889, he bade goodbye to the kind Beckett family
and left London for Paris. He was sad as he crossed the English Channel,
for he cherished so many beautiful memories of London

14
 CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in
Paris and The Universal Exposition of 1189
BY: JULIE ANNE ALCARAZ
CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The Universal Exposition
of 1189
 Paris in the spring of 1889 was bursting with gaiety and excitement
because of the Universal Exposition.
 Thousands of Visitors from all corners of the word crowded every hotel,
inn, and boarding house.
 He continued his fruitful artistic, literary and patriotic labors.
 Published annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos.
 Founded Three Filipino Societies.
 Kidlat Club
 Indios Bravos
 R.D.L.M

 Wrote Por Telefeno

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CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The Universal Exposition
of 1189
⨳ Difficulty of Finding Quarters

 March 1889 it was extremely difficult for a visitor to find living

quarters in Paris.
 Universal Exposition of 1889 was scheduled to open on May 6, 1889
 The cost of living was high because the French landlords, taking
advantage of the great demand for living quarters, raised the rents of
their rooms.
 For a short time, Rizal lived in the house of his friend Valentin
Ventura at No. 45 Rue Maubeuge, where he polished his annotated
edition of Morga’s book.

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CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The Universal Exposition
of 1189

 Finally, he lived in a little room, together with two other Filipinos.

 Capitan Justo Trinidad ( Former gobernadorcillo of Santa Ana,
Manila )
 Jose Albert ( Young Student from Manila ) and a refugee from
Spanish

18
CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The Universal Exposition
of 1189
✣ Life in Paris

 Rizal continued to be busy in his serious pursuits.

 He used most of his time in the reading room of the Bibliotheque
Nationale ( National Library)
✣ Checking up his historical annotations on Morga’s Book.
 Writing letters to his family and friends.
 In the gymnasium for his daily physical exercises
 Visiting his friends.
✣ • In spare hours, Rizal used to dine at the homes of the Taveras, the
Venturas, the Bousteads, and Lunas

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CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The Universal Exposition
of 1189

✣ • On June 24, 1889, a baby girl was born to Juan Luna and Paz
Pardo de Tavera. She was their second child, the first was a boy
names Andres, whose pet name was Luling.

• Rizal was her baptismal godfather, who chose her name "Maria de
la Paz, Blanca, Laureana, Hermenegilda Juana Luna y Pardo de
Tavera"

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CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The Universal Exposition
of 1189
✣ RIZAL AND PARIS EXPOSITION OF 1889

• The greatest attraction of this exposition was the Eiffel Tower. 984 feet
high, which was built by Alexander Eiffel, celebrated French Engineer

• One of the features of the Exposition was the international competition,

Felix R. Hidalgo's painting was awarded second prize, the paintings of
Juan Luna and Felix Pardo de Tavera each obtained the ird prize, while
Rizal's entry got no prize.

21
CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The Universal Exposition
of 1189
✣ KIDLAT CLUB

• March 19, 1889, the day Rizal arrived in Paris, he organized his
compatriots into a society called Kidlat Club
• Among the members were Antonio and Juan
Luna, Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando Canon, Lauro Dimayuga, Julio llorente,
Guillermo Puatu, and Baldomero Roxas
• Its aim was to bring together the young Filipino s in the French capital so
that they could enjoy their sojourn in Paris
"Kidlat in Tagalog means Lightning and for the same reasons this club will
last only during the exposition... It will disappear also like lightning" - letter
dated March 19, 1889 to Blumentritt

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 CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The
Universal Exposition of 1189
✣ INDIOS BRAVOS
✣
• Rizal was enchanted by the dignified and proud bearing of the
American Indians whose red- skinned and proudly riding their
sturdy ponies, elegantly dressed in their native attire and wearing
their war feathers and paints.
• Thus was born the Indios Bravos. It replaced the Kidlat Club.
• Its members pledged to excel in intellectual and physical prowess.
They practiced the use of the sword and pistol. Rizal taught them
Judo, an Asian art of self-defense, that he learned in Japan

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 CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The
Universal Exposition of 1189
✣ R.D.L.M SOCIETY
• Many biographers of Rizal did not mention the R.D.L.M. Society. Of the
numerous letters written by Rizal and his fellow propagandists, only two
mentioned this secret society:
- Rizal's letter to Jose Maria Basa, Paris, Sept. 21, 1889
- Rizal's letter to Marcelo H. del Pilar, Paris, Nov. 4, 1889

✣ - According to Dr. Leoncio Lopez-Rizal, grandnephew of the hero, the society

has a symbol or countersign represented by a circle divided into three parts by
two semi-circles having in the center the interlocked letters I and B meaning
Indios Bravos, and the letters R.D.L.M. placed outside an upper, lower, left and
right sides of the circle.

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 CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The
Universal Exposition of 1189

✣ - The letter R.D.L.M. are believed to be the initials of the society's

secret name Redencion de los Malayos (Redemption of the
Malays)

Only a few of Rizal's trusted friends became members of the

society, namely, Gregorio Aguilera, Jose Ma. Basa, Julio Llorente,
Marcelo H. del Pilar, Mariano Ponce, Baldomero Roxas, and
Father Jose Ma Changco (Filipino Priest)

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 CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The
Universal Exposition of 1189

✣ Annotated Edition of Morga Published

• Rizal's outstanding achievement in Paris (1980)

• He wrote in in the British Museum
• It was printed by Garnier Freres
•Professor Blumentritt - wrote the Prologue
- This is a historical work which Rizal prove that the Filipinos were
already civilized before the advent of Spain.
- They had clothes, government, laws, writings, literature, religion,
arts, sciences and commerce with neighboring Asian neighbors

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 CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The
Universal Exposition of 1189
✣ Comment on Morga’s Publication Date

✣ * The title page of Rizal's annotated edition of Morga reads: "Paris, Libreria de
Garnier Hermanos, 1890." From this printed date, all biographers of Rizal came
to assert that his edition of Morga was published in 1890.

* However, there is documentary evidence to show that Rizal’s edition of Morga

must have come off the press in 1889-not 1890
* There are three letters cited from Blumentritt, B. Roxas, and M. Ponce-are
incontrovertible proofs that Morga's Sucesos by Rizal actually came off the press in
1889. Otherwise, how could these three friends of Rizal read the book before 1890?

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 CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The
Universal Exposition of 1189
✣ Rizal as Historian

• Rizal's research studies in the British Museum (London) and in

the Bibliotheque Nationale (Paris) enriched his historical
knowledge
• His knowledge of foreign languages enabled Rizal to read
historical documents:
- Pigafetta's famous First Voyage Around the World (Italian)
- Works of Marsden, Raffles, Lord Stanley, and Wallace (English)
✣ - Writings of Blumentritt, Jagor, and Virchow
(German)

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 CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The
Universal Exposition of 1189
✣ The Philippines Within a Century
✣
• In this article, he expressed his views on the Spanish
colonization in the Philippines
• He predicted with amazing accuracy the tragic end of Spain's
sovereignty in Asia

The Indolence of the Filipinos

• Defense of the alleged indolence of the Filipinos

•Critical study of the causes why the Filipinos did not work hard
during the Spanish regime
•Main thesis: the Filipinos are not by nature indolent
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 CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The
Universal Exposition of 1189

✣ International Association of Filipinologists

• Rizal proposed to establish an "International Association of

Filipinologist
• Universal Exposition of 1889 (Paris)
• Letter to Blumentritt - January 14, 1889
• Prospectus: aim of the association - "to study the Philippines
from the scientific and historical point of view"

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 CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The
Universal Exposition of 1189

✣ Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong

• Planned by Rizal while still in Paris

• To establish a modern college in Hong Kong
• Aim: "to train and educate men of good family and financial
means in accordance with the demands of modern times and
circumstances"
• Mr. Mariano Cunanan (Mexico, Pampanga)
- 40,000 pesos (initial capital)
• Unfortunatly this project of Rizal to establish a modern college
in Hong Kong did not materialize.

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 CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The
Universal Exposition of 1189

✣ "Por Telefono"

• In fall of 1889, Rizal wrote satirical work as a reply to another

slander of Fr, Salvador Font
• Por Telefono was published in boklet from Barcelona
• He used the pen name "Dimas Alang"
• Telephone conversation between Fr. Font (Madrid) and the
father provincial (San Agustin Convent in Manila)

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 CHAPTER 15: Rizal’s second Sojourn in Paris and The
Universal Exposition of 1189
✣ Christmas in Paris

• He spent Christman with Jose Albert

• Capitan Justo Trinidad
• Christmas dinner: fried chicken, rice, and vegetables
• Rizal's last Christmas dinner in Paris
• After New Year - brief visit to London (unknown purpose)
• Two theoretical reasons:
- To check up his annotated edition of Morga's Sucesos with the
original copy in the British Museum; and
- To see Gertrude Beckett for the last time
• Middle of January 1890 - back in Paris

33
CHAPTER 16: in Belgian brussels (1890)
BY: GENEVIE ESTRERA
Chapter 16: in Belgian brussels (1890)
✣  Rizal left Paris for Brussels, the capital of Belgium (January 28,1890)
✣  Two reasons why Rizal leaves Paris
✣ - cost of living in Paris 
✣ - gay social life of the city hampered his literary works especially the El
✣ Filibusterismo 

✣ Life in Brussels 
✣  Rizal lived in a modest boarding house with Jose Albert on 38 Rue Philippe
✣ Champagne that was run by two Jaceby sisters (Suzanne and Marie)

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Chapter 16: in Belgian brussels (1890)
✣  Busy writing for his second novel 
✣  Rizal wrote articles for “La Solidaridad” and letters to his family and friends
✣  As a physician, Rizal spent his time in doing gymnastics and fencing
Rizal’s frugality in Brussels

✣ Articles Published in La Solidaridad

✣  “A La Defensa” (To La Defensa) - April 30, 1889
✣  “La Verdad Para Todos” (The Truth For All) - May 31, 1889
✣  “Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalo” - June 15, 1889
✣  “Una Profanacion” (A Profanation) - July 31, 1889

36
Chapter 16: in Belgian brussels (1890)

✣  “Verdades Nuevas” (New Truth) - July 31, 1889

✣  “Crueldad” (Cruelty) - August 15, 1889
✣  “Diferencias” (Differences) - September 15, 1889
✣  “Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences) - November 30, 1889
✣  “Llanto y Risas” (Tears and Laughter) - November 30, 1889
✣  “Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude) - January 15, 1890

37
 Chapter 16: in Belgian brussels (1890)
✣ New Orthography of Tagalog Language
✣  In September, 1886, Rizal adopted the Filipinized Tagalog orthography in his
✣ Tagalog translations of Schiller’s Wilhelm Tell and Andersen’s Fairy Tales also in
✣ his first novel Noli Me Tangere (Berlin, 1887)
✣  “Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala” (The new Orthography of the
✣ Tagalog Language), published in La Solidaridad on April 15,1890
✣  He gave his creadit to the adoption of orthography to Dr. Trininad H. Pardo de
✣ Tavera, author of El Sanscrito en la Lengua Tagala (Sanskrit in the Tagalog
✣ Language)

38
Chapter 16: in Belgian brussels (1890)
✣ Rizal Criticizes Madrid Filipinos for Gambling

✣  Rizal received news from Juan Luna and Valentin Ventura 

✣  Rizal wrote to M.H del Pilar on May 28, 1890
✣  The gambling Filipinos in Madrid were angry and they called
Rizal “Papa” (Pope)
✣ instead of “Pepe”

39
Chapter 16: in Belgian brussels (1890)
✣ Bad News from Home
✣  Rizal received letters from home which makes him worried in
Brussels
✣  The management of the Dominican hacienda continually raised the
land rents
✣  Rizal’s father refuse to pay rent as well as the others tenants, they
are inspired of
✣ Don Francisco’s courage
✣  Dominican Order filed a suit in court to dispossess the Rizal’s
family. 
✣  Tenants and Rizal’s family were persecuted 
✣  He wrote a letter to his sister Soledad on June 6, 1890

40
Chapter 16: in Belgian brussels (1890)
✣ Presentiment of Death

✣  During the night in Brussels, Rizal had a bad dreams due to

overthinking over his
✣ unhappy family in Calamba
✣  He wrote a letter to M.H del Pilar dated June 11, 1890 because of
his morbid
✣ presentiment of early death

41
 Chapter 16: in Belgian brussels (1890)
✣ Preparation to Go Home

✣  Rizal planned to go home

✣  Upon hearing that Graciano Lopez Jaena was planning go to Cuba,
Rizal wrote
✣ to Ponce on July 9, 1890 to opposed Graciano’s plan
✣  Rizal wrote again to Ponce dated July 18, 1890 to expressed his
determination to
✣ go home 
✣  All his friends were horrified to his plan in returning in the
Philippines

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 Chapter 16: in Belgian brussels (1890)
✣ Decision to Go to Madrid

✣  Rizal ignored the warning of his friends

✣  Rizal changed his mind because of the letter from Paciano about
to the case they
✣ have lost against Dominicans
✣  He wrote letter M.H del Pilar on June 18, 1890
✣  He also wrote a letter to Ponce on July 29, 1890

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 Chapter 16: in Belgian brussels (1890)
✣ To My Muse
✣  During Rizal’s bad days in Brussels when he was worried to his family’s
✣ disasters, he wrote a poem called “A Mi” (To my Muse) 
✣ Romance with Petite Jacoby
✣  Two things that brought a measure cheer to despondent Rizal are the
✣ “summertime festival in Belgium” and “romance with Petite Jacoby” 
✣  Petite Suzanne fell in love to Rizal and cried when Rizal left for Madrid
✣  Suzzane could not forget Rizal, so she wrote a letter for Rizal

44
CHAPTER 17: MISFORTUNES IN
MADRID (1890-91)

BY: EMJHAY GONZALES

 CHAPTER 17: MISFORTUNES IN MADRID (1890-91)

✣ • Early in August, 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid

✣ • Upon arrival in Madrid, Rizal immediately sought help of the

Filipino colony, The Asociacion Hispano-Filipina, and the liberal
Spanish newspaper in securing justice for the oppressed Calamba
tenants

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 CHAPTER 17: MISFORTUNES IN MADRID (1890-91)
✣ FAILURE TO GET JUSTICE FOR FAMILY

✣ Rizal sought the help of the following:

✣ * Filipino Colony

✣ * Asociacion Hispano - Filipina Liberal Spanish newspapers (La Justicia, El Globo, El

Dia, La Republica, El resumen, etc).

✣ * M. H. Del Pilar - acted as his lawyer. Dr. Dominador Gomez - secretary of Asociacion
Hispano - Filipina. Minister of Colonies (Señor Fabie) Gen. Valeriano Weyler - committed
injustices against the Calamba folks. El Resumen - a Madrid Newspaper

✣ "To cover the ears, open the purse, and fold the arms.“

✣ - SPANISH COLONIAL POLICY

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 CHAPTER 17: MISFORTUNES IN MADRID (1890-91)
✣ MORE TERRIBLE NEWS REACHED RIZAL IN MADRID

✣ * From Silvestre Ubaldo, he received a copy of the ejectment order by the

Dominicans against Francisco Rizal and other Calamba tenants.

✣ * From Saturnina, he learned of the deportation of Paciano, Antonio Lopez, Silvestre

Ubaldo, Teong, and Dandoy to Mindoro

✣ * His parents were forcibly ejected from their home and were then living in the house
of Narcisa.

✣ * Becerra and Maura - former members of the ministry who gave Rizal honeyed
words of sympathy and nothing else.

✣ * Queen Regent Maria Cristina - urged to see by Blumentritt.

48
 CHAPTER 17: MISFORTUNES IN MADRID (1890-91)
✣  RIZAL'S EULOGY TO PANGANIBAN

✣ - Jose Ma. Panganiban - his friend and his talented co-worker in the propaganda who
died.

✣ - August 19, 1890 - date of the death of Jose Ma. Panganiban because of a lingering
illness.

✣ - Rizal wrote a great eulogy to Panganiban with a sorrowing heart.

✣  ABORTED DUEL WITH ANTONIO LUNA

✣ * End of August, 1890 - Rizal attended a social reunion of the Filipinos in Madrid.
Wine was served.

✣ * Luna was bitter because of his frustrated romance with Nellie Boustead.
49
 CHAPTER 17: MISFORTUNES IN MADRID (1890-91)
✣ * Rizal challenged Luna, his friend, to a duel. Rizal was a better pistol shot than
Luna. But the latter was his superior as a swordsman. Luna had the choice of
weapons. Others tried to pacify them, pointing out to both that such a duel would
damage their cause in Spain. But fortunately, Luna when he became sober, realized
that he had made a fool of himself during his drunken state and he apologized for
his bad remarks about the girl. 

✣ RIZAL CHALLENGES RETANA TO DUEL

✣ * Wenceslao E. Retana- bitter enemy of Rizal in pen.Press agent of the friars in

Spain.He attacked Filipinos including Rizal, in various newspaper in Madrid.

50
 CHAPTER 17: MISFORTUNES IN MADRID (1890-91)

✣ * La Epoca - an anti-Filipino newspaper in Madrid. He insulted Rizal's family Because

he believed that discretion is the better part of valor, and more to save his own skin.
Retana at once published a retraction and an apology in the newspapers, The incident
silenced retana's pen and he developed a great admiration for Rizal.

✣  

✣ INFIDELITY OF LEONOR RIVERA

✣ * Teatro Apolo - Rizal attended a play together with his friends then he lost his gold
watch chain which proved to be a bad omen.

✣ * December, 1890 - Rizal received a letter from Leonor, announcing her coming
married with an Englishman (Henry Kipping)

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 CHAPTER 17: MISFORTUNES IN MADRID (1890-91)
✣ * February 15, 1891 - Blumentritt replied to the letter of Rizal and comforted him when
he confide to him about his agony and broken heart.

✣ * Three months later, Blumentritt sent another comforting letter saying: "Leonor Rivera,
is not the woman for Rizal"

✣  

✣ RIZAL DEL PILAR RIVALRY

✣ * 1890 - there arose an unfortunate rivalry between Rizal and del Pilar for supremacy.

✣ * Rizal tried to imbue his compatriots with his own idealism. unfortunately his idealism
was not shared. some of his supporters turned to the leadership of del Pilar.

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 CHAPTER 17: MISFORTUNES IN MADRID (1890-91)
✣ * January 1, 1891 (New Year's Day) - the Filipinos of Madrid met to reorganize the
Asociacion Hispano - Filipina. Owing to del Pilar's opposition the meeting proceed to the
business of electing the Responsable - a new leader who would act as a spokesman of the
Filipino cause in Europe.2/3 votes needed to be declared as Responsable.

✣ RIZAL ABDICATES HIS LEADERSHIP 

✣ * February 1891 - (1st week) election starts Filipinos were divided into two rival camps:
Rizalistas or Rizal's friends Pilaristas or del Pilar's friends

✣ * M. Ponce, A. Luna, T. Sandiko (Pilaristas) - changed their votes in favor of Rizal.

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 CHAPTER 17: MISFORTUNES IN MADRID (1890-91)
✣ * First day of voting: Rizal was winning

✣ * Second day: Rizal won but the votes cast did not reach two-thirds.

✣ Mariano Ponce- appealed to his countrymen to vote for Rizal.

✣ Third day- Rizal's victory But Rizal graciosly declined the coveted position. 

✣ Adios, Madrid

✣ Rizal wrote a brief note thanking his compatriots for electing him as Responsable.
Sadly he packed up his bags, paid his bills, and boarded a train leaving for
Biarritz. First soujourn- he was happy Second Visit- he was unhappy

54
Chapter 18: Biarritz Vacation and Romance
with Nelly Boustead (1891)
BY: RACHEL BELMORO
 Chapter 18: Biarritz Vacation and Romance with Nelly Boustead (1891)

✣ To seek solace for his disappointments in Madrid, Rizal took a vacation in the
resort city of Biarritz on the fabulous French Riviera. He was a guest of the rich
Boustead family at its winter residence - Villa Eliada. It was in Biarritz where he
had a serious romance with Nellie and finished the last chapter of his second novel.
El Filibusterismo.
✣  
✣ With the Bousteads in Biarritz.
✣ When Rizal arrived in Biarritz at the beginning of February 1891, he was warmly
welcomed by the Bousteads, particularly Mr. Boustead who had taken a great liking
for him because of his remarkable talents.

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 Chapter 18: Biarritz Vacation and Romance with Nelly Boustead (1891)
✣ Romance with Nellie Boustead.
✣ Biarritz, with its romantic gardens, delightful villas, and panoramic beauties, is an
ideal setting for romance. On an emotional rebounce, Rizal having lost his beloved
Leonor, came to entertain considerable affection for Nellie.
✣  
✣ As early as on February 4, 1891, M.H. del Pilar teased him about changing “o” in
Noli to an “e” which means Noli to Nelly . Five days later, Tomas Arejola told
Rizal.
✣  
✣ Rizal courted Nelly who, in turn, reciprocated his affection. Unfortunately, their
romance beneath the lovely Biarritz moon did not have a happy fairy tale finale.
✣  

57
 Chapter 18: Biarritz Vacation and Romance with Nelly Boustead (1891)
✣ El Filibusterismo Finished in Biarritz.
✣ Frustrated in romance, Rizal found consolation in writing. He kept working on his
second novel which he began to write in Calamba in 1887. On March 29, 1891, the
eve of his departure from Biarritz to Paris, he finished the manuscript of El
Filibusterismo.
✣  
✣ To Paris and Back to Brussels.
✣ Rizal bade farewell to the hospitable and friendly Bousteads on March 30, 1891
and proceeded to Paris by train. Rizal was back in Brussels by the middle of April
1891 where he was happily received by Marie and Suzanne Jacoby and by Petite
Suzanne.

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Chapter 18: Biarritz Vacation and Romance with Nelly Boustead (1891)

✣ Retirement from the Propaganda Movement.

✣ Since abdicating his leadership in Madrid in January 1891, owing

to the intrigues of his jealous compatriots, Rizal retired from the
Propaganda Movement or reform crusade. From Brussels, on May
1, 1891, he notified the Propaganda authorities in Manila to cancel
his monthly allowance and devote the money to some better cause.

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 Chapter 18: Biarritz Vacation and Romance with Nelly Boustead (1891)

✣ Rizal Stopped Writing for La Solidaridad.

✣ Simultaneous with his retirement from the Propaganda Movement, Rizal
ceased writing articles for La Solidaridad. Many of his friends in Spain
urged him to continue writing for his patriotic periodical.
✣  
✣ Revising the Fili for Publication.
✣ In Brussels Rizal worked day after day revising the finished manuscript of
El Filibusterismo and readied it for printing. Apparently, the revision was
mostly completed on May 30, 1891.

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Chapter 19: EL FILIBUSTERISMO
PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)
BY: INA ALTHEA CELIS & KATHLEEN
JOY AQUINO
 Chapter 19: EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)

✣ PRIVATIONS IN GHENT
✣ -On July 5, 1891, Rizal left brussels for Ghent, a famous university in Belgium.
✣ -Owing to his limited funds, Rizal lived in a cheap boarding house with Jose
Alejandro as Roommate.

✣ The printing of El filibusterismo

✣ -Rizal searched for a printing shop that could give him a lowest quotation for the
publication of his novel.
✣ -F. MEYER-VAN LOO PRESS, NO. 66 Viaanderen Street-who was willing to print
his books on installment basis.
✣ - He had to received from basa and P200 from Rodriguez Arias for the copies of
Morga’s Sucesos sold in Manila.

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 Chapter 19: EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)
✣ -On August 16, the printing has to be suspended, as Rizal’s feared because he could
no longer give the necessary funds to the printer.

Ventura, Savior of the Fili

✣ -Valentin Ventura, sura in Paris learned of Rizal’s predicament and immediately
sent him necessary funds. With his financial aid, the printing of the Fili was
resumed.

The Fili Comes Off the Press

✣ - at last, on September 18, 1891, The El Filibusterismo comes off the press.
✣ - Rizal, now is a happy man.
✣ - he immediately sent the two printed copies to Hongkong- One for Basa and the
other one is for Sixto Lopez.

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 Chapter 19: EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)

✣ - Rizal gratefully donated the original manuscript and an autographed printed copy
to his Paris friend, Valentin Ventura.
✣ - He sent the other complimentary printed copies to bluementritt, Mariano Ponce,
G. Lopez Pena, T.H Pardo De Tavera, Antonio and Juan Luna and to other friends.
✣ -the members of the Filipino colony of Barcelona publishe a tribute in La
Publicidad.
✣ -the liberal Madrid newspaper, El nuevo Regimen. (October 1891)
✣ - all the copies of the first edition (Ghent Edition) of El Filibusterismo were placed
in a wooden boxes and shipped into Hong kong.
✣ - all the boxes were comphiscated and all the books were lost.

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 Chapter 19: EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)

✣ Dedicated to GOM-BUR-ZA
✣ -Rizal Dedicated the El filibusterismo to the three priests.

✣ The Manuscript and the Book

✣ - the original manuscript of El Filibusterismo in Rizal’s own handwriting is now
preserved in the Filipiniana Division of Bureau of Public Libraries, Manila.
✣ -it had been acquired to Valentin Ventura for P10,000 consists of 279 pages of long
sheet of paper.

✣ Inscription of the Title Page

✣ - the title page of El Filibusterismo contains an inscription written by Ferdinand
Bluementritt.

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 Chapter 19: EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)

✣ Synopsis of El Filibusterismo

 This Novel is a sequel to the Noli. It has little humor, less idealism, and less romance
than the Noli Me Tangere. It is more revolutionary, more tragic than the first novel.
 Simoun- He is the Hero in El Filibusterismo. He is Crisostomo Ibarra of the Noli who
came back as Simoun a rich jeweler, he escaped with the help of Elias.
 Simoun became a friend of Spain. However, deep in his heart, he is secretly cherishing a
terrible revenge against the terrible Spanish authorities. His two magnificent obsessions
are:
1. To rescue Maria Clara from the nunnery of Santa Clara and;
2. To foment a revolution against the hated Spanish masters

66
 Chapter 19: EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)
 Bapor Tabo- A clumsy, roundish shaped steamer. This steamer is sailing upstream
the Pasig from Manila to Laguna de Bay.
✣ Passengers:
- Simoun
- Doña Victorina
- Paulita Gomez
- Ben Zayb
- Padre Sibyla
- Padre Camorra
- Don Custodio

✣ Padre Salvi

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 Chapter 19: EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)

- Padre Irene
- Padre Florentino
- Isagani
- Basilio
 Simoun is a very close friend and confidante of the Spanish governor
general. He was called the “Brown Cardinal” or the “Black Eminence”
 Quiroga- Rich Chinese merchant who help Simoun in smuggling arms into
the country

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 Chapter 19: EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)

 On the occasion of the wedding of Paulita Gomez and Juanito Palaez, Simoun give a
wedding gift to them a beautiful lamp.
 The revolutionary plot was thus discovered. Simoun was cornered by the soldiers,
but he escaped.
 Simoun eluded arrest by taking poison. As he is dying, he confesses to Padre
Florentino, revealing his true identity, his dastardly plan to use his wealth to avenge
himself, and his sinister aim to destroy his friends and enemies.
 Other characters:
- Cabesang Tales “Matangalawin”
- Macaraig

69
 Chapter 19: EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)
- Padre Millon “Dominican friar-professor”
- Tandang Selo
- Mr. American Impressario
- Sandoval
- Pecson
- Cabesana Andang
- Pepay
- Padre Fernandez
- Don Timoteo
- Tano

✣ Chichay 70
 Chapter 19: EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)

 As in the Noli the characters in El Filibusterismo were drawn by Rizal from

real life.
 Noli and Fili Compared- The Noli is a romantic novel; it is a “work of the
heart” while Fili is a political novel; it is a “work of the head”
 Rizal’s unfinished third Novel- On September 22, 1891, four days after the Fili
came off the press, he wrote to Blumentritt.
 October 18, 1891- He began writing the third novel.
 Rizal other unfinished Novels- Rizal had other unfinished novels. One of them
is entitled Makamisa, Dapitan, and A novel in Spanish about the life of pili.

71
Chapter 20: Opthalmic Surgeon in Hong
Kong
BY: ANGELICA ANN ALAGO &
PAULINE MOLINA
 Chapter 20: Opthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong
✣ Dr.Lorenzo P.Marques-a friend and admirer who helped him to build up a wide clientele.
✣ •Rizal was given a moral support and substantial aid in his medical practice in Hongkong from
some of his friends in Europe.
✣ •Mr.Bousted( the father of Nelly Bousted) -wrote to him on March 21,1892,praising him for his
medical professions
✣ •Dr.Ariston Bautista Lin
✣ •Don Antonio Vergel de Dios
✣ •Rizal posses the qualities of a great opthalmic Surgeon.
✣ •In the words of Dr.Geminiano de Ocampo,a distinguished Filipino Opthalmologist:
✣ "He had all the qualities that would make an ideal opthalmic Surgeon -a keen and analytical
intellect,lightness of touch and artistry of a painter,courage and imperturbability,a broad and deep
knowledge of medicine and opthalmology,and last but not the least,he had been properly and
adequately trained by master of opthalmic Surgeons".

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 Chapter 20: Opthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong
✣ BORNEO COLONIZATION PROJECT

✣ -Rizal conceived the establishment of a Filipono colony in North Borneo

(Sabah)

✣ -He planned to move thoswe Filipino families to thet British-owned island and
carve out of its virgin wilderness a “New Calamba”

✣ -March 7, 1892- he went to Sandakan on board the ship Menon to negotiate

with the British authorities for the establishment of a Filipino colony.

✣ -His mission was successful.

✣ -The British Authorities of Borneo were willing to give the Filipino colonists,
100,000 acres of land, a beautiful harbor and a good government for 999 years,
free of all charges.

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 Chapter 20: Opthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong
✣ By April 20, he was back in Hong Kong.

✣ -Rizal friends in Europe enthusiastically endorsed his Borneo colonization project.

✣ -Lopez Jaena express his desire to join the project and wrote to Rizal saying:

✣ “I have a great desire of joining you. Reserve for me there a piece of land where I can plant sugarcane. I
shall go there… to dedicate myself to the cultivation of sugarcane and the making of sugar. Send me
further details.”

✣ -Hidalgo, on the other hand, objected to the colonization project saying:

✣ “This idea about Borneo, is no good. Why should we leave the Philippines, this beautiful country of ours?
And besides what will people say? Why have we made all these sacrifices? Why should we go to a foreign
land without first exhausting all means for the welfare of the country which nurtured us from our cradles?
Tell me that!”

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 Chapter 20: Opthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong
✣ The infamous Weyler, whom the Cubans called “The Butcher” was relieved of his
gubernatorial office.

✣ -A new governor general Eulogio Despujol, the Count of Caspe, announced to the Filipino
people a fine program of government.

✣ -Rizal sent him a letter of felicitation (dated December 23,1891) and offering his
cooperation, but instead the governor did not even acknowledge receipt og his letter.

✣ -Rizal wrote a second letter (March 21,1892), in this second letter, he requested the
governor general to permit the landless Filipinos to establish themselves in Borneo.

✣ -Despujol, did not give Rizal the “courtesy of a reply”. Instead, he notified the Spanish
consul general in Hong Kong to tell Rizal that he could not approve the Filipino
immigration to Borneo, alleging that, “the Philippines lacked laborers” and “it was not
very patriotic to go off and cultivate foreign soil”

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 Chapter 20: Opthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong
✣ WRITINGS IN HONG KONG

✣ -He wrote “Ang Mga Karapatan Nang Tao” (a tagalog translation of “The Rights of Man”
proclaimed by the French Revolution in 1789)

✣ -About the same time (1891), he wrote “A la Nacion Espanola” (To the Spanish Nation), which is an
appeal to Spain to right the wrongs done to the Calamba tenants.

✣ -Another proclamation, entitled “Sa Mga Kababayan” (To my Countrymen) was written in
December 1891 explaining the Calamba agrarian situation.

✣ -Rizal contributed articles to the British daily newspaper, The Hong Kong Telegraph, whose editor,
Mr. Frazier Smith, was his friend.

✣ -March 2,1892- Rizal wrote “Una Visita a la Victoria Gaol” (A Visit to Victoria Gaol), an account of
his visit to the colonial prison of Hong Kong. In this article he contrasted the cruel Spanish prison
system with the modern and more humane prison system.

77
 Chapter 20: Opthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong
✣ He wrote an article entitled “Colonisation du British North Borneo, par de
Families de Iles Philippines” (Colonization of British north Borneo by families
from the Philippine Islands)

✣ -Article in Spanish “Proyecto de Colonization del British North Borneo por los
Filipinos” (Project of the Colonization of British North Borneo by the the
Filipinos)

✣ -June 1892- he wrote “La Mano Roja” (The Red Hand)

✣ - “Constitution of the Liga Filipina” -printed in 1892

✣ -To deceived the Spanish authorities, the pinted copies carries the false
information that the pinting was done by the LONDON PRINTING PRESS, No.
24, Khulug Street, London.

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 Chapter 20: Opthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong
✣ DECISION TO RETURN TO MANILA

✣ -May 1892- Rizal made up his mind to return to Manila

✣ -The decision was spurred by the following:

✣ 1.) to confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo colonization project.

✣ 2.) to establish the Liga Filipina in Manila

✣ 3.) to prove that Eduardo de Lete was wong in attacking him in Madrid that he
being comfortable and safe in Hong Kong, had abandoned the country’s cause.

✣ -Lete’s attack which was pinted in La Solidaridad on April 15,1892, portrayed Rizal
as cowardly, egoistic, opportunistic – a patriot in words only.

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 Chapter 20: Opthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong
✣ LAST HONG KONG LETTERS

✣ -On June 19,1892 he spent 31st birthday in Hong Kong.

✣ -Evidently, he had premonition of his death, for the following day, June 20 he
wrote two letter which he sealed, inscribed in each envelop “to be opened after
my death”, and gave the to his friend, Dr. Marques for safekeeping.

✣ -1st letter was addressed to his parents, brethren and friends.

✣ 2nd letter was addressed to the filipinos.

✣ -June 21,1892- Rizal penned another letter in HK for Governor Despujol.

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 Chapter 20: Opthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong
✣ RIZAL FALLS INTO SPANISH TRAP

✣ -The Spanish consul-general sent a cablegram to Governor Despujol

that the victim “is in the trap”
✣ -On the same day a secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal and his
followers “for anti-religious and anti-patriotic and anti-patriotic
agitation”

✣ -Meanwhile, Rizal and his sister were peacefully crossing the China sea.
They were fully unaware of the Spanish duplicity.

81
Thankyou!
Group 3:
leader: celis, ina althea o.
members:
alagao, angelica ann
alcaraz, Julie anne
aquino, Kathleen joy
belmoro, Rachel
estrera, Genevie
Gonzales, emjhay
juegos, Charles
MOLINA, PAULINE