PRINCIPLE OF WORKING OF

KAPLAN TURBINE

21955A2109
Sainath Reddy Gangidi
Aero “B” Section
 OVERVIEW

• Introduction to Kaplan Turbine

• Working Principle of Kaplan Turbine
• Design of Kaplan Turbine Blades
• Hydraulic Control System of Kaplan Turbine
• Advantages of Kaplan Turbine
• Applications of Kaplan Turbine
 INTRODUCTION

 The Kaplan turbine is a type of water turbine that is widely

used in hydroelectric power plants for generating electricity.
 It was invented by the Austrian engineer Viktor Kaplan in the
early 20th century and is named after him.
 They are particularly well-suited for low-head installations,
where the water flow is slow and the head pressure is low.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF KAPLAN TURBINE

The working principle of a Kaplan turbine is

based on the conversion of the kinetic energy of
water into mechanical energy, which is then
converted into electrical energy.
The turbine consists of a rotor with curved blades
that are designed to capture the kinetic energy of
the water as it flows through the turbine.
 DESIGN OF KAPLAN TURBINE
BLADES

The design of the Kaplan turbine blades is critical to the efficiency

of the turbine.
 The blades are curved in such a way that they can capture the
maximum amount of kinetic energy from the flowing water.
The angle of the blades can be adjusted to optimize the
performance of the turbine under different flow conditions.
 SUPERIOR HYDRODYNAMIC FEATURES
Essential for High Efficiency at low Heads

Section of Guide Wheel Runner

 ADVANTAGES OF KAPLAN TURBINE

The Kaplan turbine has several advantages over other types of

water turbines.
 It is highly efficient and can operate over a wide range of flow
rates and head pressures.
It is also compact and can be installed in locations where space
is limited, making it ideal for small hydroelectric power plants.
 APPLICATIONS OF KAPLAN TURBINE

Kaplan turbines are used in a variety of applications,

including hydroelectric power generation, irrigation
systems, and water treatment plants.
They are particularly well-suited for low-head installations,
where the water flow is slow and the head pressure is low.
MAJOR PARTS OF A KAPLAN TURBINE
 DESIGN OF GUIDE WHEEL
Dgo

kug 1.3 to 2.25 : Higher values for high

specific speeds

Number of guide vanes : 8 to 24 : Higher number of vanes

for large diameter of guide wheel.
DESIGN OF KAPLAN RUNNER

Drunner

Dhub
THE KAPLAN RUNNER
PARTS OF RUNNER
HYDRODYNAMICS OF KAPLAN BLADE
 DESIGN OF THE BLADE

Two different views of a blade

-THANK YOU