Ci r c u l a t o r y

Sy s t e m
 What is Circulatory System?
The circulatory system, also known as the
cardiovascular system, consists of the
organs and fluids that transport materials
like oxygen and nutrients throughout the
body. All vertebrates have a closed
circulatory system in which the blood
plasma and cells remain within blood
vessels.
This is opposed to an open circulatory
system
in which the blood surrounds organs and
tissues in an open chamber.
 What is Circulatory System?

 Transport nutrients, hormones

 Remove waste products
 Gaseous exchange
 Immunity
 Blood vessels transport blood
◦ Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
◦ Also carries nutrients and wastes
 Heart pumps blood through blood
vessels
COMPONENTS OF CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
Heart
Blood
Blood Vessels heart
blood
- Arteries
arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
veins
 HEART
 Heart is a four chambered,
hollow muscular organ
approximately the size of your
fist.
 Location:
- superior surface of
diaphragm
- left of the midline
- anterior to the vertebral
column,
 Three layers of tissue
HEART

Pericardium – a thin, outer

lining that protects and
surrounds your heart.
Myocardium – a thick,
muscular middle layer that
contracts and relaxes to pump
blood around of your heart.
Endocardium – a thin, inner
layer that makes up the lining
of the four chambers and the
valves in your heart.
Outside of the Inside of the
Heart Heart
 FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART
The right atrium receives blood from the veins
and pumps it to the right ventricle.
The right ventricle receives blood from the
right atrium and pumps it to the lungs, where it
is loaded with oxygen.
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood
from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle.
The left ventricle (the strongest chamber)
pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the
body. The left ventricle’s vigorous contractions
 Blood
Vessels
Blood vessels are
channels that carry blood
throughout your body.
They form a closed loop,
like a circuit, that
begins and ends at your
heart.
Three Types of Blood
Vessels
Arteries (distributing channel)
- Carry blood away from your heart
Veins (draining channel)
- carry blood backward towards your
heart
Capillaries (microscopic channel)
- the smallest blood vessels, connect
arteries and veins
General Structure
General Structure
CLASSIFICATION OF
BLOOD VESSELS
•Conducting Vessels
•Distributing Vessels
•Resistance Vessels
•Exchange Vessels
•Capacitance / Reservoir
Vessels
 ARTERIES
ARTERIES

Blood vessels that carry

blood away from the heart
are called arteries.
They are the thickest blood
vessels and they carry
blood high in oxygen
known as oxygenated
blood (oxygen-rich blood).
 When your heart beats
the pressure of blood
on the walls of your
arteries is called
SYSTOLIC
PRESSURE.

 When your heart

relaxes between beats
pressure on the artery
CLASSIFICATION OF
ARTERIES
• Elastic - (Aorta & its Major
branches)
• Muscular - (Renal, Testicular, Radial,
Tibial)
• Arterioles (arteries and capillaries)
Terminal arterioles
Meta-arterioles
Thoroughfare channel/ preferred
 CAPILLAR
IES
 The smallest(5-8
blood
micron)
vessels are capillaries
and they connect the
arteries and veins.
 This is where the
exchange of nutrients
and gases occurs.
 BODY CONTAINS TWO KINDS OF
CAPILLARIES
 Continuous-skin, lung, smooth muscle,
connective tissues
 Fenestrated- pancreas, endocrine glands,
small intestine, choroid plexus, cilliary
process, etc.
SINUSOIDS
- Large irregular vascular space (30-40
micron) eg. Liver, Spleen, Bone marrow,
suprarenal, Parathyroid
 Blood vessels that carry
blood back to the heart are
VEINS
called veins.
 They have one-way
valves which prevent
blood from flowing
backwards.
 They carry blood that is
high in carbon dioxide
known as deoxygenated
blood (oxygen poor
VEINS  Thin Walled
 Large irregular lumen
 Have valves
 Dead space around
Types:
Large
Medium
Smal
BLOOD PATHWAY
DISEASES AND DISORDERS

 Blood pressure
 Hemorrhage/stroke
 Arteriosclerosis
 Aneurysm
 Coronary artery disease
(CAD)
 Heart attack
 Congestive heart failure
(CHF)
 DISEASES AND DISORDERS

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Coronary Artery Disease results from a
buildup in the wall of the arteries that supply
blood to the heart called (coronary arteries).
 Plaque is made up of cholesterol deposits.
Plaque buildup causes the inside of the
arteries to narrow over time. This process
is called atherosclerosis.
 DISEASES AND DISORDERS
Coronary angioplasty
A procedure used to open clogged heart arteries.
Angioplasty uses a tiny balloon catheter that is
inserted in a blocked blood vessel to help widen it
and improve blood flow to the heart.
 DISEASES AND DISORDERS
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
CABG is a surgical procedure in which the blocked
areas of the coronary arteries are bypassed with
veins or other arteries from the body.
 DISEASES AND DISORDERS

High blood pressure

High blood pressure (also referred to as HBP,
or hypertension) is when your blood
pressure, the force of blood flowing through
your blood vessels, is consistently too high
which forces the heart to work harder to
pump blood.
 FACTORS AFFECTING BLOOD
PRESSURE
- Cardiac Output
or the amount of blood your ventricles push out of
your heart each minutes. Your blood pressure goes
up as cardiac output increases
- Resistance
Which is anything working against the blood flow
through your arteries.
- Flexibility of your heart artery wall.
- Artery diameter
- Blood viscosity or blood thickness
 Sphygmomanometer

Sphygmomanometer or
a blood pressure cuff is a
medical device
consisting of a piece of
rubber or similar
material that is wrapped
around a patient's arm
and then inflated in
order to measure their
Artificial Circulatory System

The artificial circulatory

system (CPB) is a
complex
multifunctional system
that temporarily takes
over the function of the
heart and lungs,
maintaining adequate
blood circulation and
ardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

Is an emergency procedure
consisting of chest
compressions often
combined with artificial
ventilation in an effort to
manually preserve intact
brain function until further
measures are taken to
restore spontaneous blood
circulation and breathing
Th a nk
Y o u!!