WMAN

Chapter 6
Wirelees Metropolitan
Area Networks
“Wireless and Mobile Networks: Concepts and Protocols” by SS Manvi & MS Kakkasageri
Copyright  2010 Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives
 To know about wireless metropolitan area networks
(WMANs)
 To know the architecture of WMANs
 To know IEEE 802.16 standards
 To know protocols of WMANS
 To know the wireless broadband networks
 To know the applications of WMANs
Wireless Metropolitan Area
Networks (WMANs)
 Wireless Metropolitan area networks (WMANs) are large
computer networks connected by wireless technology,
usually spanning a city (upto 50 km)
 It is a promising Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)
technology providing high-speed, high bandwidth
efficiency and high-capacity multimedia services
 Residential and enterprise applications
 IEEE 802.16 standard, commonly known as WiMAX
(Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access)
WiMAX
 WiMAX Forum (formed in June 2001)
 Some members
 Airspan Networks, Alvarion, Aperto Networks, Ensemble
Communication, Fujitsu of America, Intel, Nokia, Proxim, and
Wi-LAN
 Description by forum
 A standards based technology enabling the delivery of last mile
wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and
digital subscriber line (DSL)
WiBro
 South Korean mobile WiMAX
 Stands for “Wireless Broadband”
 IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard
 Uses TDD (Time Division Duplex)
 Uses 8.75 MHz maximum channel bandwidth
IEEE 802.16
 Air interface between a subscriber's transceiver station
and a base transceiver station
 Goal - high-speed Internet access to home and
business subscribers, without wires.
 Three standards
 IEEE 802.16.1 - Air interface for 10 to 66 GHz,
 IEEE 802.16.2 - Coexistence of broadband wireless access
systems
 IEEE 802.16.3 – Air interface for licensed frequencies for 2 to
11 GHz
IEEE 802.16 Properties
 Broad bandwidth: Supports up to 134 Mbit/s in 28 MHz
channel (in 10-66 GHz air interface).
 Efficiently transports IPv4, IPv6, asynchronous transfer
mode (ATM), Ethernet, etc. (supports multiple services)
 MAC designed for efficient use of spectrum
comprehensive, modern, and extensible security.
 Point-to-multipoint topology (P2MP), with mesh
extensions.
 Supports for adaptive antennas and space-time coding.
IEEE 802.16 Specifications
 802.16a
 802.16c
 802.16-2004(d)
 802.16e
 802.16m (2009)
IEEE 802.16 Standards
Related to WiMax
Advantages of IEEE 802.16
 Last Mile connectivity
 Roaming between networks
 Flexibility
 Scalability
IEEE 802.16 Vs. IEEE 802.11
WMAN Network Architecture
Components
 WiMAX Base Station
 provide coverage to a very large area up to a radius of 6 miles.
 Any wireless device within the coverage area would be able to
access the Internet.
 WiMAX Receiver
 also referred as customer premise equipment (CPE).
 Backhaul
 connection from the access point to the base station and base
station to the core network.
WiMAX Features
WiMAX Mobility Support
 IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard supports mobility
management
 Four mobility-related usage scenarios
1. Nomadic: fixed subscriber station with different point of
attachment
2. Portable: portable device
3. Simple mobility: subscriber moving at speeds up to 60 kmph
4. Full mobility: Up to 120 kmph mobility and seamless handoff
802.16 Protocol Stack
Supported Band of Frequency
 10 - 66 GHz licensed band
 2 - 11 GHz licensed and licensed exempt
IEEE 802.16 Physical Layer
Mechanisms of the Physical Layer
 Robust Error Control Mechanism
 Adaptive Modulation and Coding
 Space Time Block Codes (STBC)
 Adaptive Antenna System (AAS)
Modulation and Coding Schemes in
WiMAX
Adaptive Antenna System (AAS)
WiMAX Signal Transmission
Scenario using AAS
IEEE 802.16 Physical Layer
Features
MAC layer
 IEEE 802.16 MAC
 designed for P2MP broadband wireless access applications
 to provide an interface between the higher transport layers
and the physical layer
 describes a number of Convergence Sublayers
 describes how secure communications are delivered
 include power saving mechanisms
WiMAX Frame
 WiMAX Frame consists of two sub-frames
 uplink (UL) subframe
 downlink (DL) subframe
 Frame structure makes use of different power levels for

efficiency and robustness
MAC PDU Format
MAC PDU Transmission
MAC Quality of Service (QoS)
IEEE 802.16 MAC layer defines five service classes
 Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS)

 Real-time Polling Service (rtPS)
 Extended Real-time Polling Service (ertPS)
 Non-real-time Polling Service (nrtPS)
 Best Effort (BE) service
Scheduling
 Two types of scheduling
 Centralized - base station assigns capacity to the other stations
 Decentralized - stations exchange scheduling information with
their neighbors
MAC Layer Features of IEEE
802.16
Broadband Wireless Networks
 Higher rate voice and data services
 Supporting technologies
 WLL (wireless local loop)
 Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS standardized as
IEEE 802.16)
 Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS)
 wireless ATM
Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
 FSU (Fixed subscriber unit) performs
 Channel coding/decoding
 modulation/demodulation
 transmission/reception of signal
Typical WLL Architecture
FSU Implementation
 FSU is integrated with handsets in some products
 high-capacity, centralized FSU serving more than one
subscriber (telephone, PC, fax, etc.)
 Used in business buildings, apartment blocks etc.
FSU Serving Multiple Subscribers
Local Multipoint Distribution
Service (LMDS)
LMDS
 Broadband wireless P2MP communication
 Operates above 20 GHz
 Video telephony
 Video-on-demand (VOD)
 High-speed Internet access
Multi-Point Multi-Channel
Distribution System (MMDS)
MMDS
 Operates at 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz
 MMDS hub can serve a radius of up to 35 miles
Comparison of WLL Technologies
Synergy Between MMDS and LMDS
Spectrum and Applications
 Same customers and applications-data, voice, video.
 Similar needs for backhaul, CPE modem, base station
gateways etc.
 MMDS spectrum is good for long distance
communication- need few cells.
 LMDS spectrum is good for communication over short
distances - need many cells.
 LMDS and MMDS spectrum used together can lower
system deployment costs and increase coverage.
Advantages and Disadvantages of
MMDS Spectrum
 Propagation over long distances up to 100 km. with
single tower
 Less attenuation due to rain, foliage
 RF component costs lower at 2.5 GHz, and Equipment
readily available today
 Limited capacity without sectorization, cellularization
which adds complexity and cost
MMDS Spectrum (Contd..)
 Interference issues with other MMDS and Instructional
Television Fixed Service (ITFS) licensees,
 Large upstream bandwidth in MMDS band requires
careful planning, filtering etc., and
 Cellularization later on may require retuning the entire
network.
MMDS Spectrum (Contd..)
 Very large bandwidth available for data, IP telephony,
video conferencing services
 Large capacity
 Higher RF component costs
 Small cell size, 2-8 Km
 Does not cover entire metropolitan area of a large city
without adding many cells at high cost.
Wireless ATM (WATM)
 Broadband multimedia services in the public network
and local area (e.g. an office building, an industrial
production site)
 Operating frequency for domestic wireless ATM
networks in the 5 to 6 GHz band
 Interconnection of wireless access and a wired ATM
network
 Provide gateways between subnets
 Seamless extension of the ATM network over the
wireless medium
WATM (Wireless ATM)
 Home wireless ATM network would consist of several
appliances
 PC laptop, printers/fax machines, security systems, home
appliances, digital HD/SDTV sets, digital camcorder, speakers.
 Operating frequency for domestic wireless ATM

networks - 5 to 6 GHz band
WATM Architecture
WMAN Applications
 Wireless service provider backhaul
 Banking networks
 Education networks
 Public safety
WSP Backhaul
WiMAX Network for Nanking
Education Network using WiMAX
Public Safety Network

WMAN

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Chapter 6

 Frame structure makes use of different power levels for

 Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS)

 Operating frequency for domestic wireless ATM

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