RUPGTISNOP TDESLAI CTFA

NOPONII NIAM AIESD

EUJPIRECD
AIBS
• It
• It is based on assumptions that cannot be proven and reflect somebody's views,
beliefs, personal perspectives, or values.
• It is the writer’s position or principal concept
• It can be defined as additional information that explains, defines or proves an idea.
• It means as the degree to which something is related or useful to what is happening
or being talked about
TYPES OF BIAS
1. Affinity Bias
2. Confirmation Bias ADDITIONAL TYPES:
3. Conformity Bias
4. Media Bias
5. Prototype Bias
6. Halo Effect
ADDITIONAL TYPES:
1.ATTENTIONAL BIAS (ATTENTION)
What: the perception is affected by specific factors
in their attention
Examples:
• If we think frequently about the clothes we
wear, we pay more attention to the clothes of
others.
• No matter how noisy it is outside. If you are
focused on what you are reading; you will
unconsciously ignore any background noises
• If you’re talking to someone and you assume
that they do not like you, you tend to focus your
attention towards actions that confirms your
thought.
2. ANCHORING BIAS
What: using the first piece of
information to make decisions
Example:
• When buying a second hand car, you
base your decision on how old the
car is and not on the quality of its
engine
• Buying so –called discounted things
when it is just as pricey as before
3. OPTIMISM BIAS
What: tendency to overestimate the odds
of our own success
Example:
• Not wearing seatbelt because the
probability of not getting in an
accident is low to none
• Ranking one in your school makes you
think that you could easily get a job
that pays high
• Glass half full
Direction: Analyze the following situations and
identify what type of bias does it show.
Direction: Analyze the following situations and identify
what type of prejudice does it show.
Direction: Identify the element based on the following definition.

1. The information’s level of importance to a particular viewing

purpose or explicitly stated need for that information.
2. The position or slant toward which an author shapes information.
3. The information’s level of trustworthiness based on information
about the author and the publishing bodies.
4. The extent to which information contains factual and updated
details that can be verified by consulting alternative and/ or
primary sources.
 Activity 4: Staying on Point!
Direction: Identify the main idea and supporting details from the given
short paragraphs.
• My parents were very strict when I was growing up. My mother in particular
was always correcting my behavior. One day when I forgot to look both ways
when I was crossing the street, my mother made me go back home; she said
that I could not go out at all if I could not be safe. My father was more
concerned with my grades. Every night he would make me go to my room
before I could watch television.
• Robots are being used in sumo wrestling contests. Sumo wrestling is a sport
that started in Japan. It takes place in a ring. Two players try to score points by
holding each other down or pushing each other out of the ring. Robot sumo
uses robots instead of humans. The robot that scores the most points wins.
3. Mother gorillas do a lot for their babies. They nurse their babies. They protect
them from danger. And they teach the tiny gorillas how to get along with other
gorillas.

4. Being a celebrity is often difficult. First of all, celebrities have to look almost
perfect all the time. There’s always a photographer ready to take an unflattering
picture of a famous person looking dumpy in old clothes. Celebrities also
sacrifice their private lives. Their personal struggles, divorces, or family
tragedies all end up as front-page news. Last, and most frightening of all,
celebrities are in constant danger of the wrong kind of attention. Threatening
letters and even physical attacks from crazy fans are things a celebrity must
contend with.
5. People lie for different reasons. One common reason is to avoid hurting someone’s
feelings. For example, a friend might ask, “Do you like my new haircut? “If you think
it’s ugly, you might still answer, “Yes.” Another common reason for lying is to avoid a
fight. Say a friend angers you and then asks, “Are you upset with me?” You might
answer, “No,” to avoid an argument. People also lie so that they’ll fit in, as when you
listen to a boring person and politely say, “That’s interesting.” In addition, people lie
to avoid spending more time with someone. For instance, you might lie, “I have to go
now.”

Every sentence and detail in a paper should be relevant, meaning that it hits the bull’s-
eye—it supports your point. Otherwise, your paper will not be convincing. Instead of
hitting the target and proving your point, your “support” will be irrelevant. In other
words, it will miss the point completely
Analogical: An analogy or comparison that supports your argument.
Example: “Like the human body, a car needs regular maintenance to function
properly.”
This type is considered to be one of the weakest, as it is often based on opinion
rather than fact. To use it well, you need to be sure that the analogy is relevant
and that there are enough similarities between the two things you are
comparing.

Anecdotal: A personal experience or story, your own research, or

example that illustrates your point.
Example: “I know a woman who was fired from her job after she became
pregnant.”
Anecdotal evidence is used to support a point or argument, but it should be used
sparingly, as it is often considered to be less reliable than other types of evidence.
It can also be used as a hook to engage the reader’s attention.
Statistical: Data from research studies or surveys that support your
argument.
Example: “According to a study by the American Medical Association, gun violence
is the third leading cause of death in the United States.”
This type of evidence is often considered to be the most persuasive, as it is based
on factual data.
Testimonial: A quote from an expert or someone with first-hand
experience that supports your argument.
Example: According to Dr. John Smith, a leading expert on the health effects of
smoking, “Smoking is a major contributor to heart disease and lung cancer.”
This type of evidence can be very persuasive, as it uses the authority of an expert to
support your argument. However, it is important to make sure that the expert is
credible and that their opinion is relevant to your argument.
Direction: Analyze the evidences and identify the type being described.
1. “Her beauty is on the face of the night, like a jewel in the ear of Ethiop” an
excerpt from Romeo and Juliet
2. “I begin to start wearing sunscreen after I saw its effect on my friend, it does
help since the sun’s too much nowadays.”
3. The public opinion on Halle Bailey, a black actress portraying Ariel in the
Disney movie remake of ‘The Little Mermaid’ in the United States as of June 2019
reveals that 65% thought that the race of the actress portraying Ariel didn’t matter,
while 15% felt that it should be played by a white actress.
4. Your doctor will urge you to eat a well-balanced diet and exercise regularly,
arguing that your heart should be properly maintained just like a well-maintained
electric pump.
5. I know a married couple who became a millionaire after wisely managing their
retirement fund.
6. Just as the planets orbit the sun, an electron also orbits the nucleus.
7. In 2022, the global gender gap has been closed by 68.1%. At the current rate of
progress, it will take 132 years to reach full parity. This represents a slight four-year
improvement compared to the 2021 estimate.
8. Martin Luther, one of the early Christian reformers, insisted faith comes from
God working in us and through no other source.
9. According to Dr. John Smith, a leading expert on the health effects of smoking,
“Smoking is a major contributor to heart disease and lung cancer.”
10. From 1998-2017, more than 166 000 people died due to heatwaves, including
more than 70 000 who died during the 2003 heatwave in Europe.