KALYAN P. G.

COLLEGE
BHILAI NAGAR
SESSION:- 2021-22
SUBJECT:- FUNCTIONAL
ANALYSIS
TOPIC:- HAHN- BANACH THEOREM
GUIDED BY:- REPRESENTED BY:-
DR. M . P . GOSWAMI PANNA LAL
M.Sc. Maths 4th sem.
PREFACE PREFACE
• This assignment work is entirely based on the topic principal of
equivalence learning and teachning is never independent of each
other one is interlinked with other doubtlessly. It is a two sided
bilateral effort. It is relationship between teacher and the thought
and the which constitute active on learning.

• This have made my best effort explaining each and every point
clearly and have used simple language so that the reader
understand clearly.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• I avail the apportunity to cover my sincere thanks to our teacher “DR.
M .P. GOSWAMI ” for her valuable guidance encouragement and
suggestion throughout the completion of the assignment. He
generously shared his knowledge with me.

• At last but not the list I would like to to thank our HOD “ Dr. M.P.
GOSWAMI” for providing such a studies in which I was able to
complete this assignment.
CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATE

• This is to certify that the assignment work entitled to has been carried
out by student of class “ M. Sc. (Maths) 4th sem of KALYAN P. G.
COLLEGE BHILAI NAGAR”he has submitted the report during the
academic year 2022-23.

• He had carried out the seminar work under my guidance and his
original work.
CONTENTS CONTENTS
1). INTRODUCTION
2). THE HAHN BANACH THEOREM
(STATEMENT )
3). RESULT (PROOF)
4). APPLICATION
5). REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION
• The theorem is named for the mathematicians Hans Hahn and Stefan Banach,
who proved it independently in the late 1920s

The famous Hahn-Banach theorem. This is one of the most

fundamental theorems in functional analysis and is due to Hahn
and Banach It yields the existence of nontrivial continuous linear
functionals on a normed linear space, a basic result necessary for
the development of a large portion of functional analysis.
Moreover, it is an indispensable tool in the proofs of many
important theorems in analysis: There are several forms of this
famous theorem.
 Hahn-Hans Stefan-Banach
(27 Sept 1879 – 24 Jul 1934) (30 March 1892-31 Aug 1945)
 The Hahn Banach Theorem

Statement:- Let E be a real linear space and let M be a

linear subspace of E . Suppose p is a sub
linear functional defined on E and f a linear functional
defined on M. such that f(x) ≤ p(x),∀x∈M. Then there
ís a linear functional g defined on E such that g ís an
extension of f ( i.e. g(x) =f(x) for all x∈M) and
g(x) ≤ p(x) for all x∈E.
 Result
• Let E that norm linear space over k and let S be linear subspace of E . Suppose
that z∈E and dis (z,S) = d>0 then there exists g∈E* such that
g( x ) = {0} and g( z ) & || g || = 1.
Proof:- Let M = { x+αz : x∈S, α∈K }
Then ís linear subspace of E defined f on M by
f(x+αz) = αd
To prove f is linear —
for any scalar α₁ , α₂
f(x+(α₁+α₂)z) = (α₁+α₂)d
= α₁d + α₂d
= f(x+α₁z)+ f(x+α₂z)
 and
f{λ(x+αz)} = λ(αd)
= λ f(x+αz)
Hence f is linear
Also f(S) = { 0 } and f(z) = d.
Further

{—: }
|f(x+αz)| (x+αz) ∈M, ||x+αz ||≠0
||f ||= Sup ||x+αz ||

=Sup{ — : }
|αd| (x+αz) ∈M, ||x+αz ||≠0
||x+αz||
 { — : y ϵ S}
d
= Sup ||-y +z || (x/α = -y )

=
=1
—d
d
( ||-y+z|| = d )

Hence f∈M* Thus by Hahn Banach Theorem

then there exist a functional g∈E*
Such that g(S) = {0} and g(z) = d
||g|| = 1
The Theorem is complete prove .
 APPLICATION

The Hahn-Banach theorem is frequently applied in analysis,

algebra and ge- ometry, as will be seen in the forthcoming
course. We will briefly indicate in this section some
applications of this theorem to problems of separation of
convex sets and to the multivariate moment problem.
 Reference
• FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS WITH APPLICATION
• ( second addition )
• page.no : 64-69
• B. Choudhary
• Sudarshan Nanda
NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHER
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