Heavenly Father,

Grant me the PATIENCE

to accept the people
I cannot change,
the STRENGTH
to change the ONE person
I can change,
and the WISDOM
to know that ONE person
is ME.
In Jesus name. Amen.
acs
 Social Organizations: Groups within
Society (Primary and Secondary)

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY Citius, Altius, Fortius

 Social Organizations: Groups within
Society (Primary and Secondary)

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY Citius, Altius, Fortius

SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

• explain how society is organized,
• describe the organized nature of social life and rules
governing behavior,
• define social organization and social groups, and
• differentiate primary and secondary groups in terms of
their duties in society.

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY Citius, Altius, Fortius

SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS

1. How would you describe your relationship with your

family?
2. How would you describe your relationship with your
classmates and teachers?
3. What makes your relationship with your family
members and school teachers different from each
other?

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SOCIETY
• the community of people living in a
particular country or region and having
shared customs, laws, and organizations.

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How Society is Organized
• People have organized themselves into groups with
common rules of living. The organization of such a group is
called society.
• Different institutions are found in every community, such
as the family, kin relationships, childcare, and division of
work based on gender and age.
• Present societies are expected to provide direction
economic security, law and order, and a sense of belonging
to their members.

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THE THREEFOLD NATURE OF SOCIAL LIFE
• cultural–everything involving the growth and expression of
the human spirit: education, art, science, religion,
journalism, and publishing
• legal or political–involving human rights and relationships
between people and organizations
• economic–having to do with the production, distribution,
and consumption of goods and services

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GROUPS WITHIN SOCIETY
Primary Group
• The concept of a primary group is an essential unit of social
organization and social life.(Charles Horton Cooley)
• A small, intimate, and less specialized group whose members
engaged in face to face and emotion-based interactions over an
extended period of time.
• Unconditional and not prearranged. Setting aside family relations,
members of primary groups share lots of things in common, like
interests, stories, or personalities.
• Ex. - nuclear family. Relationships and attachments organized in this
group are permanent as one's identity, lifestyle, and stories are tied
to this group.
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SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
Secondary Group
• formal, small or large, and usually short term.
• typically found at work and school.
• an example of this group is a political party organized
to plan the best campaign for the election.
• classroom and work environment are other examples of
a secondary group.

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UCSP Citius, Altius, Fortius
SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
Explore!
• Why is having a companion, a partner, or a group important
in our personal lives and future careers?
Try it!
• List three groups in campus and classify them as either a
primary or secondary group. Make some observations
regarding their characteristics.
• name or description of the group
• characteristics
(members, regulations, nature of work, etc.)
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KEY POINTS
• People have organized themselves into groups with common rules of living. The
organization of such groups is called society.
• Applying Goethe’s method to social life, Rudolf Steiner concluded that if we apply
the phenomenological, participatory method to human social life as a multifaceted,
multilayered whole, we can distinguish three different spheres of activity−cultural,
legal or political, and economic.
• Social organization or social system refers to the interdependence of parts in
groups. These groups may vary in size and nature.
• A social group consists of two or more people who regularly interact and share a
sense of unity and collective identity.
• Primary groups are groups that are tightly united, typically small scale, with
intimate relationships, and are usually long lasting.
• Secondary groups can be small or large, are mostly impersonal, and usually short
term. These groups are typically found at work or at school.
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In – Groups and Out - Groups

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In – Group
• An in-group is an exclusive social group formed out of shared
interest and identity.
• This is the “we” group in society from which people’s loyalty is
bestowed upon. This type of group satisfies the old saying
"birds of the same feather flock together.''
• It is in this group where people feel more comfortable and
secured, with no threat, intimidation or conflict of interest.
• Examples include friendship groups, families, and religious
groups.

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Out - Groups
• An out-group, on the other hand, is a social group
associated with competition or opposition as its nature is
different from one’s own. This is the “they” of society,
where a person is not a part of or does not belong to the
group. The formation of out-groups is the result of
perceived differences.
• One’s out-group includes those groups one dislikes or
disregards. It is also that group where one does not feel
happy personality-, interest-, or ability-wise.
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In-group and Out Group Role Play
Form two groups and have them do a role play of the following
situation:
A. While walking in the park, one of the group members throws a
crumpled paper on two persons sitting on the bench. Instead of
scolding their group member who threw crumpled paper, they
laughed together & scorning the person hit.
B. Reversing the previous situation, one person sitting on the bench
threw a crumpled paper on one of the member of the passing
group. This sparked outraged among group members scolding
and threatening the offender.

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In-group and Out Group Role Play

What type of group is being described in situation A?

What type of group is being described in situation B?

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Issues Surrounding In-groups and Out-groups
• In-group favoritism happens when a person favors or offers
special treatment to in-group members over out-group
members. This activity may disregard merit and result to
serious social situations such as corruption, crime, and
padrino system.
• Out-group homogeneity is the tendency of a person to
classify those people who are not in their in-group as being
similar to one another. In short, people overgeneralize and
label out-groups in a negative manner.

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 Explore!
What are your in-groups and out-groups? How do you choose your
in-groups? How do you resolve conflicts with your out-groups?
Try it!
Write three measures or guidelines on how society and its people
avoid the adverse effects of the existence of in-groups and out-
groups.
What do you think?
Without the boundaries caused by in-groups and out-groups,
would the world be a better place? Justify your answer.

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KEY POINTS
• Social groups are a specified number of individuals formed to interact with one
another and other people outside the group based on the statuses and roles
assigned to them.
• There are different social forms of social organization. These include The power
elite, voluntary associations, formal organizations, and bureaucracy.
• An in-group is an exclusive social group formed out of shared interest and
identity.
• An out-group is a social group associated with competition or opposition as its
nature is different from one’s own.
• In-group favoritism happens when a person favors or offers special treatment to
in-group members over out-group members.
• Out-group homogeneity is the tendency of a person to classify people who are
not in their in-group as being similar to one another.
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 REFERENCE GROUPS

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY Citius, Altius, Fortius

 • What is a role model for you?
• Who are your role models?
• How do they influence you in your daily life?

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REFERENCE GROUPS

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REFERENCE GROUPS

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Reference Groups and its Normative Functions
• Reference Groups are groups that serve as our standards in setting
and evaluating our own behaviors and attitudes.
• When reference groups serve a purpose of setting your norms and
values, these are normative reference groups. These groups
directly influence the behavior of a person, serving as a role
model, standard, or base point.
• Your immediate family and friends are considered a normative
reference group. The way they are is the way you are. Your
mentors or celebrity idols also shape your personality. In hopes of
being identified with them, people opt to act, speak, dress, and
think the way they do.
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Reference Groups and its Comparative Functions
• Some reference groups exist to provide people with means
of comparison for behavior, style, and achievement. Such
are comparative reference groups whose norms and values
serve as points of comparison for certain behaviors.
• For body figure, teenagers look up to supermodels as
references. For skills in basketball, enthusiasts play by the
rules of professional basketball players from the NBA or
PBA. To check whether he fares well in his exams, a student
may compare his score from that of his class's best students.
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Group Influences
• Aspirational reference groups refers to people or groups of people with
whom we want to be compared with. Product advertisers and celebrities
like athletes, movie stars, or talk show hosts are fine examples of this
reference group. People think that by supporting their favorite celebrity,
they become associated with them.
• Associative reference groups refer to groups where we belong and take
part in. These people include our neighbors, coworkers, club members,
or church members. People have a tendency to confine with what is on
trend in their immediate community.
• Dissociative reference groups refers to groups that people have no
interest in being associated with. This group of people includes those
with whom we share conflicts in interest, attitude, or behavior.
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Give one reference group of yours for each type. Name the person or the group,
describe its nature, and state your reason for classifying them under such type.

                                                                                                                                                

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Keypoints
Social groups consist of two or more people who identify with one another and
regularly interact.
Reference groups serve as our standards in setting and evaluating our own
behaviors and attitudes.
Normative reference groups set a person’s norms and values.
Comparative reference groups are groups whose norms and values serve as a
point of comparison for certain behaviors.
Aspirational reference groups are groups of people with whom we want to be
compared with.
Associative reference groups are groups where we belong and take part in our
immediate life.
Dissociative reference groups are groups people have no interest in being
associated with.
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END OF SLIDE

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY Citius, Altius, Fortius

END OF SLIDE

THANK YOU!
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MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY Citius, Altius, Fortius