Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Classification
Classification
Chapter 3
MISLEADING ANIMAL NAMES
The seahorse is the common
name referring to any of the 54
species of marine fishes
belonging to the genus
Hippocampus.
CHAPTER 3 CLASSIFICATION 3
Classification of living things is done to make it easier to identify, compare,
and study living things.
CHAPTER 3 CLASSIFICATION 4
Types of Classifications
ARTIFICIAL PHYLOGENETIC (PHYLETIC)
NATURAL CLASSIFICATIONS
CLASSIFICATIONS CLASSIFICATIONS
o The natural classification was o Introduced by Carl Von Linne. o Phylogenetic classification system
introduced by Aristotle. Aristotle In artificial classification is based on the evolutionary
divided living things into two systems, the categories of ancestry or on the similarity in
groups: plants and animals. organisms are based on the their evolution relationship
Aristotle divided animals into o It is based on the evolution of
presence of one/little
several groups based on their life and shows the genetic
similarity of morphological
habitat and behavior. While relationships among organisms. It
characteristic generates trees called
plants are grouped based on size
o Artificial classification groups
and structure. Examples of plants cladograms, which are groups of
are divided into 3 divisions : plants on the basis of flower organisms that include an
herbs, shrubs, and trees. The color, flower mass, leaf shape, ancestor species and its
natural classification based on and number of stamens. This descendants. Classifying
the number of similarities in classification system is called organisms on the basis of descent
morphological, anatomical, the sexual system because from a common ancestor is called
physiological characteristics Linnaeus focused on the phylogenetic classification.
reproductive organs of plants.
o The first process in o Living things are grouped o After organisms are
classification is the based on similarities or grouped based on their
identification of the differences in characteristics. characteristics, the next
characteristics of organisms. Examples of chickens, ducks process is naming the
Starting from the and pigeons are grouped taxon of the group. For
characteristics that are visible into one group because they example, ducks, chickens
and easy to observe such as have similar characteristics. and pigeons are grouped
morphological, anatomical These characteristics include
and physiological. For
into birds or aves. lizards
the body covered by
example, the shape and and crocodiles are grouped
feathers, breathing with
number of wings, the shape into reptiles. After naming
lungs, having lungs, having a
and number of legs, body and grouping them into
beak, a heart consisting of
color, the number of thorax four chambers and having taxon, a classification
and abdomen. wings. system is developed.
In Plant
Class : ….nae
Kingdom : Animalia Order : … ales
Phylum : Chordata Family : … ceae
Class : Mammalia
Order : Carnivora
Family : Ursidae In Animal
Genus : Ailuropoda Family : … dae
Species : Ailuropoda melanoleuca
MONERA :
• comprised of bacteria and cyanobacteria
• distinguished by being single cell prokaryotes
PROTIST :
• comprised of Amoeba, Paramecium etc
• distinguished by being single celled eukaryotes
FUNGI :
• multi-cellular heterotrophic eukaryotes
• fungi have cell walls and usually non-motile
• digest organic matter extra-cellularly (outside of cell) and absorb the breakdown
products
PLANTAE :
• multi-cellular photosynthetic eukaryotes
• plants have cell walls and are non-motile
ANIMALIA:
• multi-cellular heterotrophic eukaryotes
• animal cells lack a cell wall and usually motile
• feed by ingesting other organisms or parts of other organisms
DOMAINS???
Euglena Diatom
Dinoflagellates Green Algae Brown Algae
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Bryophyte Pteridophyte
(Moss) (Fern)
Pteridophyte
(Fern)
Coniferophytes
(Pine Trees) Angiosperm; Angiosperm;
Dicot Monocot
Dichotomous key