Global Divides:

The North and

South
LESSON 6

ZITA M. CORPUZ
Define the term
“Global South”.

Differentiate the Global

South from the Third World.

Analyze how a new conception of

global relations emerged from the
experiences of Latin American
Countries.
  The Brandt Line was developed in the 1980s as a way
of showing how the world was split into relatively richer
and poorer nations.
 The concept of Global North and Global South

 describes a grouping of countries  Not to be confused with Northern

along socio-economic and Hemisphere or Southern
political characteristics. Hemisphere.
o differing levels of wealth and
income
o political and economic freedom
 The term does not inherently
refer to a geographical south or
 The terms the North and the north; example, most of the
South are alternative designations Global South is geographically
for developed and developing within the Northern Hemisphere.
countries
• The Global North • The Global South
America Most countries of Asia and Africa
Canada o Established government Philippines
o Wealth
Japan o Technological Malaysia o Not as
advancement economically
Europe o Political stability Haiti and politically
o Aging population stable as their
South Korea o Zero population growth Lebanon global north
o Dominance of world counterparts.
Singapore trade and politics
Chad o Tend to be
characterized by
Australia Brazil turmoil, poverty,
New Zealand anarchy and
tyranny.
 The Global North

 often equated with developed

countries

 Mostly correlates with the Western

world –with the notable exceptions
of Japan, South Korea, Singapore,
Taiwan and Israel.
 The Global South

 The Global South is a term often

 most (though not all) of these
used to identify regions within Latin
countries are low-income and often
America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania.
politically or culturally marginalized
on one side of the divide.

 It is one of a family of terms,  Countries of the Global South have

including "Third World" and
"Periphery", that denote regions
outside Europe and North America
been described as newly
industrialized or in the process of
industrializing, and are frequently
current or former subjects of
colonialism
 Reasons for the formation of the Global South

 the Global South captures a deterritorialized

geography of capitalism’s externalities.

 A means to account a shared experience of

subjugated peoples within the borders of
wealthier countries and negatively impacted by
contemporary capitalist globalization.
 The Global South origins
 The presidents of Egypt, Ghana, India,
Indonesia and Yugoslavia created the
NAM in 1961 to pursue international
cooperation, human rights, national
sovereignty, racial and national equality,
non-intervention and peaceful conflict
resolution.

 countries that formed regional blocs to

protect their independence from
pressures of superpower politics
 It called itself non-aligned because the
association refused to side with either
the First World capitalist democracies in
Western Europe and North America or
the communist states in Eastern Europe.

 Had 120 member countries.

 The movement however, was never formalized and

continues to exist up to the present although it lacks the
same fervor that it had in the past.
 REGIONALISM

A fervor - the expression of a common sense of identity and

purpose combined with the creation and implementation of
institutions that express a particular identity and shape
collective action within a geographical region.
 OLD REGIONALISM

1955

1949  The first coherent

regional initiatives
began in the 1949,
1950s and 1960s,
 NEW REGIONALISM
 began in the late 1980s and continues still .

 A new wave of political initiatives prompting

regional integration that took place worldwide
during the last two decades.

 The idea that lies behind this increased regional

identity is that as a region becomes more
economically integrated, it will necessarily
become politically integrated as well.

 The ASEAN was established as a way of

regionalism (seen as a political and economic
phenomenon) to cope up with globalization.
 Reasons for the formation of regional associations

 For military defense  Economic

o The NATO was formed during the crisis compels
cold war when several Western
European countries with the US
countries to
agreed to protect Europe against come
the threat of the Soviet Union.
 Countries converge to together.
o The Soviet Union responded by o ASEAN countries
creating its regional alliance the pool their resources along with China,
Warsaw Pact.
together. Japan and South
o They get better returns for Korea agreed to
their exports as well as establish an
expand their leverage against emergency fund to
trading partners. anticipate a crisis
o OPEC
 NON-STATE REGIONALISM
 It is not only states that agree to work
together in the name of a single
cause (or causes).
 Communities also engage in regional
organizing.
 The “new regionalism” varies in form:
o There are tiny associations that
include a few actors and focus on a
single issue.
o Or huge continental unions that
address a multitude of common
problems from territorial defense to
food security.
 Challenges to Regionalism

 The continuing financial crisis of the

European Union is forcing countries like
Greece to consider leaving the region to gain
more economic flexibility.

 ASEAN members disagreed over how to

relate to China, with the Philippines unable
to get the other countries to support its
condemnation of China’s occupation of the
West Philippine Sea.
- end-