DHCP

Role and Scope

 
 Learning Objectives:
 After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to:
 1. Describe the DHCP Role and Scope.
 2. Explain the uses and application of DHCP Role and Scope.
 3. Install and Configure DHCP Role and Scope.
 This information sheet will cover the details and information about

DHCP Role and Scope. It also covers the procedure on how to add roles
to server.
  
 BY STEP GUIDE TO INSTALL DHCP ROLE AND CONFIGURE
 DHCP servers centrally manage IP addresses and related information

and provide it to clients automatically. This allows you to configure

client network settings at a server, instead of configuring them on each
client computer. If you want this computer to distribute IP addresses to
clients, then configure this computer as a DHCP server.
 This topic explains the basic steps that you must follow to configure a

DHCP server. When you have finished setting up a basic DHCP server,
you can complete additional configuration tasks, depending on how
you want to use the DHCP server.
 To start first need to log in to the server with
administrator privileges. Then start the “server
Manager” by clicking on “Server Manager” icon on
task bar. Then go to “Roles”
 Then click on “Add Roles” option to open Add
roles Wizard.
Then it will load the Roles Wizard and select the “DHCP Server” From the list
and click next to continue.
Then it will give description about the role. Click next to continue.
Next window is asking to use which interface to serve DHCP clients. If server
has multiple NIC with multiple IP you can add them also to serve DHCP clients.
In next window it will give opportunity to add DNS settings that should apply
for DHCP clients.
Next window is to define the WINS server details.
In next window we can add the scope, the Starting IP, End IP of the DHCP
range, subnet mask, default gateway, leased time etc.
In next Window it can configure to support IPv6 as well.
Then it will give the confirmation window before begin the install. Click on
“Install”
Once installation finishes DHCP server interface can open from Start >
Administrative Tools > DHCP
 Usingthe DHCP it is possible to even configure multiple Scopes
configurations to the network. In a network there can be different
network segments. It is waste to setup different DHCP servers for
each segment. Instead of that it is possible to create different
Scopes to issue DHCP for them.

 DHCP terminology
 Scope - is the full consecutive range of possible IP addresses for a

network. Scopes typically define a single physical subnet on your

network to which DHCP services are offered. Scopes also provide
the primary way for the server to manage distribution and
assignment of IP addresses and any related configuration
parameters to clients on the network.
 Superscope - is an administrative grouping of scopes that can be

used to support multiple logical IP subnets on the same physical

subnet. Superscopes only contain a list of member scopes or child
scopes that can be activated together. Superscopes are not used to
configure other details about scope usage. For configuring most
properties used within a superscope, you need to configure
member scope properties individually.
 Exclusion - range is a limited sequence of IP
addresses within a scope, excluded from DHCP
service offerings. Exclusion ranges assure that
any addresses in these ranges are not offered
by the server to DHCP clients on your network.
 Address Pool - After you define a DHCP scope

and apply exclusion ranges, the remaining

addresses form the available address pool
within the scope. Pooled addresses are eligible
for dynamic assignment by the server to DHCP
clients on your network.
 Lease - is a length of time that a DHCP server
specifies, during which a client computer can use an
assigned IP address. When a lease is made to a
client, the lease is active. Before the lease expires,
the client typically needs to renew its address lease
assignment with the server. A lease becomes
inactive when it expires or is deleted at the server.
The duration for a lease determines when it will
expire and how often the client needs to renew it
with the server.
 Reservation - is used to create a permanent
address lease assignment by the DHCP server.
Reservations assure that a specified hardware device
on the subnet can always use the same IP address.
 Option types - are other client configuration parameters a DHCP
server can assign when serving leases to DHCP clients. For
example, some commonly used options include IP addresses for
default gateways (routers), WINS servers, and DNS servers.
Typically, these option types are enabled and configured for each
scope. The DHCP console also permits you to configure default
option types that are used by all scopes added and configured at
the server. Most options are predefined through RFC 2132, but
you can use the DHCP console to define and add custom option
types if needed.
 options class - is a way for the server to further manage option
types provided to clients. When an options class is added to the
server, clients of that class can be provided class-specific option
types for their configuration. For Microsoft® Windows® 2000 and
Windows XP, client computers can also specify a class ID when
communicating with the server. For earlier DHCP clients that do
not support the class ID process, the server can be configured
with default classes to use instead when placing clients in a class.
Options classes can be of two types: vendor classes and user
classes.