Biodiversity and

Stability
• Biodiversity- a term that describes how
varied living things are in a specific area.
Value of Species
Ups and Downs of
Population
Growth
 What is a Population?
• Population:
• A group of organisms of the same
species that live on a certain area

• Demography:
• The statistical study of populations,
allows predictions to be made about
how a population will change
 Population Dynamics
• Three Key Features of
Populations
•Size
•Population Density
•Population Dispersion
 Three Key Features of Populations

1. Size: number of individuals in an area

 Three Key Features of Populations
• Population Growth :
• Birth Rate (natality) - number of births in
a population
• Death Rate (mortality)- number of
organisms that are dying
-if the birth rate is greater than death rate
population will grow
• exponential population growth- period
of growth
 Three Key Features of Populations

2. Dispersion: describes the

spacing of organisms relative to
each other
•Clumped
•Uniform
•Random
Population Dispersion
 Three Key Features of Populations

3. Population Density: number of

organisms per unit area or unit
volume
Pop. Density = # of individuals ÷ unit of
space
 Limiting factors
• Population cannot grow forever
it will be limited by two factors:
1. density independent limiting
factors
2. density dependent limiting
factors
Density Independent Limiting Factors
• Abiotic factors in the environment
that affect populations regardless of
the size of the population.
• Example of limiting factors: natural
disasters, temperature, sunlight and
human activities in the environment
 Density Dependent Limiting Factors
• Biotic factors in the environment that
have an increasing effect as population
size increases or reaches the population's
carrying capacity there won't be enough
food, shelter and water.
• Example limiting factors: diseases and
parasites, competition for resources,
predation and emigraton
 Carrying Capacity
• Carrying Capacity (k):
• The maximum population size that
can be supported by the available
resources
• each population of organisms has
a diff. carrying capacity, depending
on the amunt of resources
available in the area.
 Density Dependent Limiting Factors
1. Diseases and Parasites- infectious
diseases and parasites spread faster in
densely populated areas.
2. Competition- organisms that have
limited abilities to compete for the
resources like food will not reproduce as
often, may not be fit enough to live long,
cause their population to decrease.
 Density Dependent Limiting Factors

3. Predation- as the number of prey decreases,

so will the number of predators, because there
is not enough food to sustain them.
4. emigration- occurs when, a population
approaches its carrying capacity and individual
organisms leave and go to a new area where
they can find resources for survival and
reproduction.
Density Dependent or Independent?
• Super typhoon Odette caused coconut trees to
not survived.
• Answer: Density Independent
Limiting Factor: natural disaster
• Cocolisap infestation outbreak has been
declared in some part of the Philippines. The
cocolisap attacks the coconut tree by eating the
leaves, fruits, and flowers until the trunk is left.
• Answer: Density Dependent
Limiting Factor: Diseases and Parasites
 Difference:

1. Immigration: movement of
individuals into a population

2. Emigration: movement of
individuals out of a population
 Factors That Affect Future Population Growth

Immigration

+
+ -
Natality Population Mortality

-
Emigration