ASIAN

REGIONALISM
MODULE 5
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
•Distinguish regionalization from globalization;
•Determine the factors prominent to a greater
integration of the Asian region; and
•Discuss how different Asian states confront the
challenges of globalization and regionalization.
WHAT IS REGIONALISM OR REGIONALIZATION?
REGIONALISM 
• flourished after the end of the Cold War and the
global dominance of the two superpowers.
• is the expression of a common sense of identity
and purpose combined with the creation and
implementation of institutions that express a
particular identity and shape collective action
within a geographical region.
• is defined as a political ideology that favors a
specific region over a greater area. (It usually results
due to political separations, religious geography, cultural boundaries,
linguistic regions, and managerial divisions.)
• often results in formal political or
economic arrangements between groups of
countries intended to achieve common goals.
• is the development of political and
economic systems based on loyalty to distinct
geographic regions.
• is a political process driven by specific actors
to maintain, enhance or develop social
structures containing normative and discursive
assumptions, reference points and political
strategies supporting specific region-building
processes.
REGIONALIZATION
VS.
GLOBALIZATION
REGIONALIZATION
- A PROCESS OF DIVIDING AN REGIONALISM
AREA INTO SMALLER SEGMENTS
CALLED REGIONS. - IS THE THEORY OR PRACTICE OF
REGIONAL RATHER THAN CENTRAL
SYSTEMS OF ADMINISTRATION OF
ECONOMIC CULTURAL OR POLITICAL
GLOBALIZATION AFFILIATION.

- A PROCESS BY WHICH THE

PEOPLE OF THE WORLD ARE
UNIFIED INTO A SINGLE
SOCIETY AND
FUNCTION TOGETHER.
REGIONALIZATION
- IS THE DIVIDION OF NATION INTO
STATES OR PROVINCES
Why countries form regional
organization?
• To cope up with the challenges of
globalization. (International Recruiting, Managing Employee
Immigration, Incurring Tariffs and Export Fees, Payroll and Compliance
Challenges, Loss of Cultural Identity, Foreign Worker Exploitation, Global
Expansion Difficulties, Immigration Challenges and Local Job Loss)

• to foster cooperation and political and

economic integration or dialogue among
states or entities within a restrictive
geographical or geopolitical boundary.
ASIA
• Largest continent with
4,641,054,775 population and
31,033,131 km2
• The new stabilizing engine of
global economic growth which
greatly influences the world and
plays a vital role in the global
economic leadership.
 ASIAN REGIONALISM 

THE PRODUCT HELPS THE FOCUSED ON REGIONAL INTEGRATION

OF ECONOMIC REGION GROW FINDING NEW INITIATIVES OF ASIAN
INTERACTION RICHER AND AND FLEXIBLE INTENDED TO COUNTRIES
CLOSER FORMS OF COMPLEMENT FOR ECONOMIC
TOGETHER COOPERATION GLOBAL PROGRESS
RELATIONSHIPS

• PRODUCT OF ECONOMIC INTERACTION BETWEEN ASIAN COUNTRIES

 HOW ASIAN ECONOMIES
ARE CONNECTED?

INVESTMENT
DIRECTION FLOWS / CAPITAL
SUPPLY AND CROSS-BORDER TRANSPORT
TECHNOLOGY
OF TRADE FLOWS VALUE CHAINS MOBILITY INFRASTRUCTURE

• Asian • Where • Increased • Connections in regions are taking

economies are movement of shape by develop a regional
markets people across
principally multimodal transport infrastructure
lead, borders (tourist, network to move goods, services, and
connected thr government worker, etc.) labor within the region and beyond.
ough markets s are
following
 IMPORTANCE OF ASIAN
REGIONALISM

MARSHAL
SUSTAIN
HELP SUSTAIN UNDERPIN COMMON
REDUCE GLOBAL
REGIONS REGIONS RESPONSE TO
INEQUALITY ECONOMIC
GROWTH STABILITY MAJOR
PROGRESS
CHALLENGES
 FACTORS LEADING TO A GREATER
INTEGRATION OF THE ASIAN REGIONS
1. Regional integration is a process in which neighboring states enter into an agreement in order to
upgrade cooperation through common institutions and rules.
2. The objective of the agreement could range from economic to political to environmental, although it
has typically taken the form of political economy initiative.
3. Regional integration has been organized either via supranational institutional structures or through
governmental decision making or combination of both.
4. Regional integration have often focused on removing barriers to free trade in the region, increasing the
free movement of people, labor, goods and capital across national borders; reducing the possibility of
regional armed conflict and adopting cohesive regional stances on policy issues such as environment,
climate change and migration.
5. Intra-regional trade refers to trade which focuses on economic exchange primarily between
countries of the same region or economic zone.
DIFFERENT ASIAN GROUPS AND
ASSOCIATIONS
 ASEAN

TO PROMOTE REGIONAL PEACE AND

RESILIENCE. REGIONAL RESILIENCE SHALL
TO ACCELERATE THE
ECONOMIC GROWTH, SOCIAL
ESTABLISHED PROGRESS, AND CULTURAL
ON 8 AUGUST DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGION,
1967 IN AND PROMOTING REGIONAL
BANGKOK, PEACE AND STABILITY.
THAILAND
STABILITY BY ENHANCING REGIONAL
BE ACHIEVED BY COOPERATING IN ALL
FIELDS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF
SELF-CONFIDENCE, SELF-RELIANCE,
MUTUAL RESPECT, COOPERATION, AND
SOLIDARITY, WHICH SHALL CONSTITUTE
THE FOUNDATION FOR A STRONG AND
VIABLE COMMUNITY OF NATIONS IN
SOUTHEAST ASIA.
 ASIA-EUROPE MEETING (ASEM)
 is a unique, informal ASEM is conducted ASEM main purpose is ASEM is the main ASEM is the
platform for dialogue as an informal and to provide a platform to multilateral platform
flexible process on foster political linking Europe and most influential
and cooperation
between Asia and the basis of equal dialogue, strengthen Asia with significant comprehensive
Europe on the big partnership, mutual economic cooperation global partnership
challenges of a fast- respect and mutual and tackle global weight: ASEM
benefit. ASEM aims challenges together. In partners represent between Asia
changing world, such
as Connectivity, trade to promote the many respects, recent around 65% of and Europe,
and investment, exchange of ideas developments in the global GDP, 60% of boosting
climate change, but and best practices international landscape global population,
and thus act as a have increased the 75% of global Connectivity in
also broad security
challenges such as breeding ground for value of ASEM as a key tourism and 68% of all its
counter-terrorism, new policy ideas. building block for an global trade. dimensions
migration, maritime open, cooperative and
rules-based between the
security and cyber
issues. international system. two regions.
 ASEM PARTNERS
Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar,
ASEAN Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam PLUS, Australia,
COUNTRIES Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, the Republic of Korea,
Mongolia, New Zealand, Pakistan and Russia on the Asian side

Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,

EUROPIAN Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
UNION Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden PLUS, Norway, Switzerland
and the United Kingdom on the European side

INSTITUTIONAL the European Union and the ASEAN Secretariat

PARTNERS
 APEC MEMBER COUNTRIES
Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; People's Republic of China;
Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; Republic of Korea; Malaysia; Mexico;
New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Peru; the Philippines; the Russian
Federation; Singapore; Chinese Taipei; Thailand; the United States of
America; Vietnam.
 APEC MEMBER COUNTRIES
Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; People's Republic of China;
Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; Republic of Korea; Malaysia; Mexico;
New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Peru; the Philippines; the Russian
Federation; Singapore; Chinese Taipei; Thailand; the United States of
America; Vietnam.

• Decisions made within APEC are reached by consensus and

commitments are undertaken on a voluntary basis.
• APEC has contributed to the reduction of tariffs and other barriers to
trade in the region over time, leading to the expansion of economic
growth and international trade.
 SOUTH ASIAN ASSOCIATION FOR
REGIONAL COOPERATION (SAARC)
• It is an economic and political regional organisation
of countries in South Asia set up on 8 December 1985.
• It aims to accelerate the process of economic and
social development in its member states through
increased intra-regional cooperation.

Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri-

Lanka
 AIMS OF SAARC

TO ACCELERATE ECONOMIC
TO STRENGTHEN
GROWTH, SOCIAL PROGRESS
COOPERATION WITH OTHER
TO PROMOTE THE AND CULTURAL
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND
WELFARE OF THE PEOPLES DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGION
TO COOPERATE WITH
OF SOUTH ASIA AND TO AND TO PROVIDE ALL
INTERNATIONAL AND
IMPROVE THEIR QUALITY INDIVIDUALS THE
REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
OF LIFE. OPPORTUNITY TO LIVE IN
WITH SIMILAR AIMS AND
DIGNITY AND TO REALIZE
PURPOSES
THEIR FULL POTENTIALS
 SHANGHAI COOPERATION
ORGANIZATION
ESTABLISHED PARTNERSHIPS WITH
THE UN EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND
CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO),
THE WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION
FOCUSED ON REGIONAL (UNWTO), AND THE INTERNATIONAL
SECURITY ISSUES, ITS ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM),
FIGHT AGAINST REGIONAL IN ADDITION TO ITS ONGOING
IS AN COOPERATION WITH THE UN OFFICE
TERRORISM, ETHNIC
INTERGOVERNMENT ON DRUGS AND CRIME
SEPARATISM AND (UNODC), UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC
AL ORGANIZATION
FOUNDED IN
RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM. AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR ASIA
SHANGHAI ON 15 IT ALSO INCLUDE AND THE PACIFIC (ESCAP) AND THE UN
JUNE 2001.  REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT. OFFICE ON COUNTER-TERRORISM
(UNOCT).
 REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECO
NOMIC PARTNERSHIP (RCEP)

IT IS A FREE TRADE AGREEMENT RCEP INCLUDES A MIX OF HIGH,

 AMONG THE ASIA-PACIFIC MIDDLE, AND LOW-INCOME
 NATIONS OF AUSTRALIA,  COUNTRIES TO ELIMINATE
BRUNEI, CAMBODIA, CHINA,  ABOUT 90% OF THE TARIFFS ON
INDONESIA, JAPAN,   IMPORTS BETWEEN ITS
SOUTH  KOREA, LAOS, MALAYSIA SIGNATORIES WITHIN 20 YEARS
, OF COMING INTO FORCE, AND
 MYANMAR, NEW ZEALAND, THE  ESTABLISH COMMON RULES
PHILIPPINES, SINGAPORE,  FOR E-COMMERCE, TRADE, AND
THAILAND, AND VIETNAM. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY.
 REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECO
NOMIC PARTNERSHIP (RCEP)

• THE 15 MEMBER COUNTRIES

• RCEP IS THE FIRST FREE
ACCOUNT FOR ABOUT 30% OF TRADE AGREEMENT
THE WORLD'S POPULATION (2.2 AMONG THE 
BILLION PEOPLE) AND 30% OF  LARGEST ECONOMIES IN A
GLOBAL GDP ($29.7 TRILLION), SIA
MAKING IT THE LARGEST  , INCLUDING CHINA,
TRADE BLOC IN HISTORY. INDONESIA, JAPAN, AND
SOUTH KOREA.
 REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECO
NOMIC PARTNERSHIP (RCEP)
• IT WAS FOUNDED IN 1971 WITH 18
MEMBERS: AUSTRALIA, COOK
ISLANDS, FEDERATED STATES OF
MICRONESIA, FIJI, FRENCH
POLYNESIA, KIRIBATI, NAURU, NEW
CALEDONIA, NEW ZEALAND, NIUE,
PALAU, PAPUA NEW GUINEA,
REPUBLIC OF MARSHALL ISLANDS,
SAMOA, SOLOMON ISLANDS, TONGA,
TUVALU, AND VANUATU.
• THE WORK OF THE FORUM IS GUIDED
BY THE  VALUES, OBJECTIVES AND APPROACHES
FRAMEWORK FOR PACIFIC REGIONAL
ISM
, WHICH WAS ENDORSED BY FORUM
LEADERS 
• THE FORUM’S PACIFIC VISION IS FOR A
REGION OF PEACE, HARMONY, SECURITY,
SOCIAL INCLUSION AND PROSPERITY, SO
THAT ALL PACIFIC PEOPLE CAN LEAD
FREE, HEALTHY, AND PRODUCTIVE LIVES.
• FOSTERING COOPERATION BETWEEN
GOVERNMENTS, COLLABORATION WITH
INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES, AND BY
REPRESENTING THE INTERESTS OF ITS
MEMBERS.
• IT SETS OUT THE STRATEGIC VISION,
TO ACHIEVE DEEPER REGIONALISM IN
THE PACIFIC.
 COMPREHENSIVE AND PROGRESSIVE
AGREEMENT FOR TRANS-PACIFIC
PARTNERSHIP (CPTPP)
 (RCEP)
• IS A FREE TRADE
AGREEMENT (FTA)
BETWEEN CANADA • THE CPTPP COVERS VIRTUALLY ALL ASPECTS OF TRADE BETWEEN CANADA
AND 10 OTHER AND THE 10 OTHER CPTPP MEMBERS.
• THE AGREEMENT FEATURES AMBITIOUS MARKET-ACCESS COMMITMENTS IN
COUNTRIES IN THE TRADE IN GOODS, SERVICES, INVESTMENT, LABOUR MOBILITY, AND
ASIA-PACIFIC GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT.
• THE AGREEMENT ALSO ESTABLISHES CLEAR RULES THAT HELP CREATE A
REGION: CONSISTENT, TRANSPARENT AND FAIR ENVIRONMENT TO DO BUSINESS IN
• AUSTRALIA, BRUNEI, CPTPP MARKETS, WITH DEDICATED CHAPTERS COVERING KEY ISSUES LIKE
TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE, SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY
CHILE, JAPAN, MEASURES, CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION, TRANSPARENCY, AND STATE-OWNED
MALAYSIA, MEXICO, ENTERPRISES.
NEW ZEALAND,
PERU, SINGAPORE
AND VIETNAM.
 REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECO
NOMIC PARTNERSHIP (RCEP)

• THE CPTPP FEATURES CHAPTERS ON THE PROTECTION OF THE

ENVIRONMENT AND LABOUR RIGHTS, WHICH ARE ENFORCEABLE
BY DISPUTE SETTLEMENT, TO ENSURE THAT CPTPP MEMBERS DO
NOT DEROGATE FROM THEIR COMMITMENTS IN THESE AREAS TO
INCREASE TRADE OR INVESTMENT.
• THE AGREEMENT ALSO INCLUDES A VARIETY OF CHAPTERS AIMED
AT TRADE-RELATED TECHNICAL COOPERATION AMONG CPTPP
MEMBERS, INCLUDING WITH RESPECT TO SMALL AND MEDIUM-
SIZED ENTERPRISES, REGULATORY COHERENCE AND ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT.
 COMPREHENSIVE AND PROGRESSIVE
AGREEMENT FOR TRANS-PACIFIC
PARTNERSHIP (CPTPP)
 (RCEP)
• ESTABLISHED IN 1994
• IT COMPRISES 27 MEMBERS: THE 10 ASEAN MEMBER • IT IS AN IMPORTANT
PLATFORM FOR SECURITY
STATES (BRUNEI, CAMBODIA, INDONESIA, LAOS, DIALOGUE IN THE INDO-
MALAYSIA, MYANMAR, PHILIPPINES, SINGAPORE, PACIFIC.
THAILAND AND VIETNAM);  • IT PROVIDES A SETTING IN
• 10 ASEAN DIALOGUE PARTNERS (AUSTRALIA, CANADA, WHICH MEMBERS CAN
CHINA, THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU), INDIA, JAPAN, NEW DISCUSS CURRENT
SECURITY ISSUES AND
ZEALAND, THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA (ROK), RUSSIA AND DEVELOP COOPERATIVE
THE UNITED STATES);  MEASURES TO ENHANCE
PEACE AND SECURITY IN
• BANGLADESH, THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC THE REGION.
OF KOREA, MONGOLIA, PAKISTAN, SRI LANKA, PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, AND TIMOR-LESTE.
 BENEFITS OF ASIAN
REGIONALISM
1. Link the competitive strengths of its diverse economies.
2. Create regional mechanism
3. Effective global solutions
4. Connects the regions capital market
5. Pool the region's foreign exchange reserves
6. Cooperate in setting exchange rate macroeconomic policies
7. Exercise leadership in global decision making
8. Build connected infrastructure and collaborate on inclusive development
9. Generate productivity gains, new ideas, and competition
10.Diversity sources of global demand.
11. Contribute to the efficiency and stability of global financial markets
12.Stabilize world economy
13.Diminish the risks posed by global imbalances
14.Provide leadership
 RISK / CHALLENGES OF
ASIAN REGIONALISM
1.Global demand and financial can be compromised.
2.Financial reversals and economic slowdowns.
3.New health and security threats could make the flow  of people
and goods more difficult and expensive; environmental damage
could result in radical changes in economic policies.
4.Social instability could generate tensions and uncertainty that
overwhelm economic progress.
 ACTIVITY #5
ANSWER EACH QUESTION BELOW IN 3-5 SENTENCES.
(5 POINTS EACH)

1. What is the 2. What is the 3. In your own opinion, do we

effect/impact of regional need those organizations in the
difference between development or improvement of
integration to the economy
regionalization and our economy?
of a state or a nation? YES or NO. 
globalization? Why?
THANK YOU!
Mercy B. Bangug​