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Introduction To Statistics: Essentials of Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences
Introduction To Statistics: Essentials of Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences
Introduction to Statistics
PowerPoint Lecture Slides
A
• A statistic
B • A variable
C
• A parameter
D
• A sample
Learning Check - Answer
• A researcher is interested in the effect of amount of
sleep on high school students’ exam scores. A group
of 75 high school boys agree to participate in the
study. The boys are…
A
• A statistic
B • A variable
C
• A parameter
D • A sample
• When sample differs from the
population there is a systematic
T/F
difference between groups
• Most research studies use data T/F
from samples
is True or False.
• Decide if each of the following statements
Learning Check
• Sampling error due to random
influences may produce
False
unsystematic group differences
• Samples used because it is not
feasible or possible to measure
True
all individuals in the population
Learning Check - Answer
1.3 Data Structures, Research
Methods, and Statistics
• Individual Variables
– A variable is observed
– “Statistics” describe the observed variable
– Category and/or numerical variables
• Relationships between variables
– Two variables observed and measured
– One of two possible data structures used to
determine what type of relationship exists
Relationships Between Variables
C
• Non-experimental group comparison
D • Correlational
Learning Check - Answer
• Researchers observed that students exam
scores were higher the more sleep they
had the night before. This study is …
A
• Descriptive
C
• Non-experimental group comparison
D • Correlational
• All research methods can show T/F
cause-and-effect relationships
• All research methods have an T/F
independent variable
is True or False.
• Decide if each of the following statements
Learning Check
• Only experiments control the
influence of participants and
False
environmental variables
• Correlational methods do not False
need an independent variable
Learning Check - Answer
1.4 Variables and Measurement
C
• Discrete and ratio
C
• Discrete and ratio
X X
2
T/F 2
T/F X X X 2
• This is the definition of (ΣX)2
True
• When the operations are
performed in a different order,
False
the results will be different
Learning Check - Answer
u a t ion
Eq
s?
Concepts?
Any
Questions?