MACHINE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

These are machine for handling or machining

metal or other rigid material usually by
cutting, boring, grinding, drilling and other
operations.
Machine tools and equipment include lathe
machine, drilling machine, milling machine,
grinding machine, shaper machine
1. LATHE MACHINE

 is a machine tool that removes the undesired

material from a rotating workpiece.
It is used to generate cylindrical works.
 Bed:

The bed of the lathe machine is the base on which all the
other parts of the lathe are mounted
Headstock:

The main function of the headstock is to transmit power to

the different parts of the lathe.
Tailstock:

-To support the other end of the work when being machined.
-To hold a tool for performing operations like drilling,
reaming, tapping.
2. DRILLING MACHINE
 Is a machine tool that is used to create cylindrical holes of required diameter and depth.

The following are some of types of drilling machine:

 Portable drilling machine; is the one that can be carried and used anywhere in the workshop.
 Sensitive drilling machine

 It is designed for drilling small holes at high speeds in light jobs

 Upright drilling machine

 This machine is mostly suited for heavy work

 Radial drilling machine

 The radial drilling machine is intended for drilling on medium to large and heavy
workpieces.
 Gang drilling machine
 Gang Drilling Machines has four to six drillheads mounted on the same table. These can run
simultaneously or in sequence.
3. MILLING MACHINE

 The milling machine is a type of machine which removes the material from the
workpiece by feeding the work past a rotating multipoint cutter.

 There are two types of milling machine;

-Horizontal milling machine
-Vertical milling machine
4. GRINDING MACHINE
 Is the machine that removes the unwanted material to get the desired surface finish, correct size,
and accurate shape of the workpiece
 According to the accuracy of the work to be done on a grinding machine, they are classified as;
 Rough grinding machines
 Precision grinding machines
 Rough grinding machines
 The rough grinding machines are used to remove stock with no reference to the accuracy of
results.
 For example hand grinding machine
 Precision grinding machines
 Precision grinders are used to finish parts to very accurate dimensions.
 For example Surface grinding machine
Grinding machine parts
5. SHAPING MACHINE
 Shaper Machine is a production machine in which the single point cutting
tools are attached and the workpiece is fixed and while moving forward the
tool cuts the workpiece and in return, there is no cut on the workpiece and
used for producing flat and angular surfaces.
 TOOL HEAD RAM

TOOL

TABLE

COLUMN

TABLE
SUPPORT BASE
ELAVETING
SREW
6. PLANER MACHINE
 The planer is a machine tool designed to produce plane
and flat surface on a workpiece which is too large or too
heavy.
 Planer Machine is a machine in which unwanted material
is cut from the workpiece to produce a flat surface on the
workpiece. Unlike Shaper Machine, in this machine, more
than one tool can be set and perform an operation.
7. BENCH VICE

 is the device used to hold the workpiece and it is rigidly clamped on the top of the
table.
8.POWER HACKSAW MACHINE
 Power hacksaws are used to cut large sizes
(sections) of metals such as steel. Cutting
diameters of more than 10/15mm is very hard work
with a normal hand held hacksaw. Therefore power
hacksaws have been developed to carry out the
difficult and time consuming work.
9.GEAR HOBBING MACHINE
 Is a machine for milling gear teeth by means of a hob rotated at an angular
velocity having a definite ratio to that of the work.
 Gear-hobbing machines use a rotating, multiple-tooth cutting tool called a hob for
generating teeth on spur gears, worm gears, helical gears, splines, and sprockets.
10. THREAD ROLLING MACHINE
 Thread rolling is a metal forging process that forms
threads into the mirror image of a roller die.
 The process is different from metal cutting, grinding and
chasing because it does not remove any metal from
piecework. Instead the thread rolling uses hardened steel
dies to displace and mold ductile metals.
APPLICATIONS OF MACHINE
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT IN THE
WORKSHOP
 They are used to generate straight and flat surfaces, either
horinzontal, vertical or angular planes. For example shapping
machine, milling machine and grinding machine.
 They are used for making holes in the workpieces as per the
requirement. For example drilling machine and milling machine.
 They are used to create threads in workpieces. Eg milling machine
and thread rolling machine.
 They
are used for making complex and irregular areas, for
example gears, external and internal threads.
 Theyare used for screwing and fastening. For example
portable drilling machine.
 They are used to hardened steel cylindrical dies to give
different materials a specific shape, example screws and
bolts.
 They
are used for smoothing, reduce size or volume of
workpieces. For example grinding machine.
 They are used for making grooves and internal
spines. For example drilling machine and shapping
machine.
 They are used to cut large size of metals such as
steel. For example power hacksaw machine .
Machine tools and equipment can be used in manufacturing of
the following;

o Nut
Nut is made from steel material.
• Consider you have square steel shaped block cutted
from steel workpiece by using a power hacksaw
machine.
• By using sensitive drilling machine or lathe machine, you can drill
a hole in the square steel block.
• By using tapping operation with drilling machine, you can create
internal threads through the hole made

Tapping tool
• By using grinding machine we can shape the square block
into hexagonal shape.
• Bolt
 We can use steel cylindrical bar as shown below

 We can use lathe machine to do a plain turning operation on the steel cylindrical
bar to get product as shown below

Plain turning operation

 After that we can made threads by a using a lathe machine again

 After that we can use grinding machine to make a hexagonal bolt head or a round
bolt head
• Hole
 We can make holes in workpieces by drilling using either
drilling machine or lathe machine.
 By using lathe machine a drilling tool is attached tailstock
and workpiece is held by chuck in the headstock and then
drilling operation can be done.
 The holes that are produced by drilling are rarely straight and cylindrical in form.
The reaming operation finishes and sizes the hole already drilled into required
diameter.

Reaming operation
• Gripping surface
 Gripping surface can be produced by lathe machine through the operation known as
knurling
 Knurling is essentially a roughening of the surface.
• Smooth surface
 We can made smooth surface by using grinding machine.
 We can use either hand grinding machine or surface grinding machine
• Threading
 There are two types of threading;
-Internal threading: example nut threads

-External threading: example in bolt and screw

 We can make internal threading by using drilling machine through tapping
operation.

Tapping tool

Internal threads
 External threading can be made by using lathe machine through threading
operation or by using thread rolling machine

Thread operation using lathe

machine Thread rolling machine
• Flat square bar

 Flat square bar are made by cutting steel or other metal

plates to the required size by using power hacksaw
machine .
 Itis then flattened by planer machine and straightened
edges by using milling machine.
Flat square bars
THE END