SUBJECT, CONTENT,

& FORM
 -the visual focus or the image
that may be extracted from
SUBJECT
examining the artwork; the
“what”
 -the meaning that is
CONTENT communicated by the artist or the
artwork
 -the development and
configuration of the artwork –
FORM how the elements and the
medium or material, are put
together; the “how”
  REPRESENTATIONAL
TYPES OF
SUBJECTS  NON-
REPRESENTATIONAL
REPRESENTATION
AL

-These types of art have subjects that refer to objects

or events occurring in the real world.
Mona Lisa
Leonardo da Vinci
1503
A Cockchafer, Beetle,
Woodlice and Other
Insect, with a Sprig
of Auricula
Jan van Kessel
early 1960s
Fruit Pickers Under
the Mango Tree
Fernando Amorsolo
1937
 NON-
REPRESENTATIONAL

-Art forms that do not make a reference to the real

world, whether it is a person, place, thing, or even a
particular event.
NUMBER 1A
Jackson Pollock
1948
*untitled*
Wassily Kandinsky
1910
Is non-representational art the same with abstract?
Head of a Woman
Pablo Picasso
1962
FUNCTIONS OF ART
 Functions of art can be classified into:

FUNCTIONS OF ART
A.Motivated (Functional)
B.Non-motivated (Non-Functional)
FUNCTIONAL ARTS refer to
aesthetic objects that serve utilitarian
(practical/useful) purposes.

Some of its examples are:

• Architectural structures
FUNCTIONA
• Kitchenware L ARTS
• Furniture
• Books
• Lighting
NON-FUNCTIONAL ARTS refer to
arts which do not serve utilitarian
purposes, and are primarily made only
for aesthetics.
NON-
Some of its examples are:
• Paintings FUNCTIONAL
• Sculptures
• Murals
ARTS
• Photos
• Music
• Dance
 PERSONAL FUNCTIONS OF
•
ARTS
gives man a moment of relaxation and spiritual happiness
• self-expression, or gratification.
• to communicate a thought or point to the viewer.
• provide an aesthetic experience for self and viewers.
• to entertain others.
• to bring order to a messy and disorderly world.
• to create chaos when an artist feels life is too static and ordinary.
• can also be therapeutic - for both the artist and the viewer.
SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF
ARTS
• It influences the collective behavior of people
• It is created to be seen or used primarily in public situations
• It expresses or describes collective aspects of existence as opposed to
individual and personal kinds of experience.
PHYSICAL FUNCTIONS OF
ARTS
• It serves some physical purposes.
• These artworks can be used in performing tasks or in simple day to
day activities.
ART, ARTISANS,
MEDIUM AND
TECHNIQUE
Who is an artist?

• An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts. For an example, a
person who paints can be referred to as an artist. The term artist is not only
attributed for those who create art as an occupation, but also for those who are
skilled in a particular activity such as drawing, designing, composing, etc.
Who is an artisan?

• An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand. An artisan is able to produce
something that has a functional value; although it should not be limited to its use value
alone. An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand.
• Most artisans have the skill of adding aesthetic value to the objects that they create.
This transcends the object from a mere object of utility. This is why most handmade
objects are much more expensive than mass-produced objects.
Importance of Artist and Artisan

Artists are the most important members of the society because they help us to envision our
thought that may not be tolerated in the social and political paradigm of our society.
They are skilled workers that are involved in skilled trade using their hands in making things,
installing things, repairing things and maintaining things with the help of tools, equipment or
machinery.
An artisan is able to produce something that has a functional value; although it should not be
limited to its use value alone.
Most artisans have the skill of adding aesthetic value to the objects that they create. This
transcends the object from a mere object of utility.
Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972)
Labelled the country’s first National Artist in 1972 by then President Marcos, Fernando Amorsolo is often
known as the ‘Grand Old Man of Philippine Art’. The Spanish-trained realist developed a backlighting
technique, where his colorful depictions of local people reflect the radiance of the Philippine sun. The figures
and illuminated landscapes magically glow on the canvas. Despite his deteriorating health and failing eyesight,
he remained prolific until the end, producing up to 10 paintings a month until his death at the age of 80.
Amorsolo’s creativity defines the nation’s culture and heritage to this day.

The Fruit Gatherer Planting Rice

José Joya (1931-1995)
A Filipino pioneer of Abstract expressionism, multi-media painter José Joya uses bold and vibrant colours
with a variety of painting techniques, layering, loose impasto strokes and controlled drips. His harmonious
colours are influenced by Philippine landscapes and tropical wildlife. His mastery lies in gestural paintings,
where the paint is applied spontaneously on canvas, sometimes directly out of the tube or through the use of
broad strokes with brushes.

Granadean Arabesque
Blue Mirror
Pacita Abad (1946-2004)
Born on the northern island of Batanes, the internationally revered artist first obtained a degree in
Political Science at the University of the Philippines. Her staunch activism against the Marcos regime in the
1970s, led her to move to San Francisco to initially study law – but she found her true calling with art. Her
paintings consist of vibrant colors and a constant change of patterns and materials. Pacita created a unique
technique called ‘trapunto’, where she stitches and stuffs her vibrant canvases with a wide range of materials
such as cloth, metal, beads, buttons, shells, glass and ceramics, to give her work a three-dimensional look.

Hermes

Alkaff Bridge, Singapore

Whang-od Oggay
She is often described as the "last" and oldest mambabatok (traditional Kalinga tattooist) and is part of
the Butbut people of the larger Kalinga ethnic group.
The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) conferred on Whang-od the
prestigious Dangal ng Haraya Award at Tabuk, the capital of Whang-od's ethnic province of Kalinga, in 2018.
She was nominated for the National Living Treasures Award (Gawad Manlilikha ng Bayan) in 2017.
MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUE

MEDIUM refers to the material applied to the support.

TECHNIQUE refers to the process or method of using the medium in

a manner that the artist wishes to finish an artwork
The Mediums of Visual Art in 2D

• Water Color - a simple coloring medium. Has less luminous effect when applied but easy to use
• Fresco - a paint on a moist plaster surface applied with lime water mixture
• pastel and chalk. Dry pigments held together by a gum binder and compressed into stick
• Oil - is pigment mixed with linseed oil and applied in canvass; expensive, flexible, glossy, dries slowly but
lasts long
• Tempera - a mineral pigment mixed with egg yolk or egg white and ore
• Encaustic - used by Egyptian in the portrait of faces; done with wax colors by the use of heat
• Acrylic – a medium most widely used by the painters these days because of the characteristics of
transparency and quick drying
• Stained Glass -is a combination of small pieces of colored glass held together by hands of lead
• Mosaic - a picture decoration which are cut small pieces of colored stones or glass and glued or pasted on a
surface with cement or plaster
• Crayons - Are pigments bound by wax and compressed into painted sticks used by students
• charcoal - made from carbonized materials from heating wood
The Mediums of Visual Art in 3D
TECHNIQUES IN ART
• PRINT is a form of duplicating
In the process of printmaking it involves the preparation of a master image on a plate which may be made of
metal, wood or stone from which the impression is taken.
Each print is considered an original work, not merely a reproduction

• PRINTING in art means reproduction.

A single design is made to be multiplied. Nowadays printing is as popular as painting and sculpture

4 MAJOR PROCESSES OF PRINTMAKING

• Relief Printing
• Intaglio Printing
• Planographic Process
• Stencil Process
4 MAJOR PROCESSES OF PRINTMAKING
1. Relief Printing - is a process of cutting away a
portion in a design which is not needed

2. Intaglio Printing - The process in the preparation

of the impression is the opposite of those of relief
printing. A technique in which the image is incised
into a surface and the incised line or sunken area
holds the ink
1. Scratched
2. Etched
3. Engraved
4. Burin – The most widely used with the use of
cutting tool.
4 MAJOR PROCESSES OF PRINTMAKING
3. PLANOGRAPHIC PROCESS - A surface painting treated first
chemically or mechanically so some areas have printing while others
have none. The process is drawing the design with a greasy crayon
and fixed with an acid solution

4. STENCIL PROCESS - a technique for reproducing designs by

passing ink or paint over holes cut in cardboard or metal onto the
surface to be decorated
TECHNIQUES IN ART