ENTREPRENEURSHI

P DEVELOPMENT
PREPARED BY
SUREKA S
PRANAV K R
CONTENTS
• FUNCTIONS OF AN ENTREPRENEUR
• MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES
– MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY THEORY
– ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY
– HENBERG’S TWO-FACTOR THEORY

• WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
MOTIVATIONAL QUOTE
FUNCTIONS OF AN ENTREPRENEUR
1. ENTREPRENEURIAL FUNCTION
• Organization building, risk taking and innovation
2. PROMOTIONAL FUNCTION
• Discovery of new idea, detailed investigation, assembling of requirements
and financing the preposition
3. MANAGERIAL FUNCTION
• Planning, organizing the staff, directing, coordinating and controlling
4. COMMERCIAL FUNCTION
• Production, finance marketing, accounting and personnel
MOTIVATION THEORIES
• These are proposed as an attempt to bring a theoretical base for motivation.
• These are at least partially true.
• Searching for a generalized theory is always a futile.
• Motivation varies over time and depends on the circumstances.
• These theories give idea to the managers as how to motivate to make employees
work effectively and efficiently.
MOTIVATION THEORIES
• Two different approaches in the theories of motivation.
CONTENT THEORIES
• Explain specific things which
actually motivate the individual at
work
• It is concerned with people’s needs
and strength to achieve their goals.
(Emphasis on what motivates)
PROCESS THEORIES
• Identify relationship among
different dynamic variables.
• It is more concerned with how
behavior is initiated, directed and
sustained.
(Emphasis on the process of
motivation)
MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY
THEORY
• Most well known and pioneering theory.
• According to this theory, people are motivated by five basic needs.
• Arranged in an order in which a person needs to gratify them.
1. Physiological needs - food, clothing, shelter, etc.,
2. Need for safety and security - freedom from danger, job
security, health-care etc.,
3. Need to belong - Acceptance by the group, friendships, love
etc.,
4. Need for esteem - Recognition by others, feeling of
achievement, etc.,
5. Need for self-actualization - fulfillment of capacities
MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY
THEORY
• These are arranged in an order with assumption that a lower level need is satisfied
before the next higher level need becomes a factor of motivation.
• People try to satisfy their physiological needs first (basic needs) and then go for
safety, security, belongingness, esteem and self satisfaction
ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY
• 3 levels of core needs
1. Existence needs – physiological + safety (lower order)
2. Relatedness needs – belongingness (higher order)
3. Growth needs – esteem + self actualization (higher order)
ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY
• 3 levels of core needs
1. Existence needs – physiological + safety (lower order)
2. Relatedness needs – belongingness (higher order)
3. Growth needs – esteem + self actualization (higher order)
HENBERG’S TWO-FACTOR THEORY
• Extensive interviews with 200 employees in Pittsburgh, U.S.A.
• Two factors of motivation
1. Things that make them happy or satisfied.
2. Things that make them unhappy or dissatisfied.
• Good feeling – content factors
• Bad feeling – peripheral aspects of job context factors
hygiene factors (or) maintenance factors
• Company policies, administration, supervision, working conditions, security,
status and salary.
• Maintaining hygienic factors don’t improve or increase motivation but increase
dissatisfaction.
 WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
• Women constitute about 50% of world population.
• Traditional societies – confined to household activities (∴ Homemakers)
• Modern society – moved out of house and take part in all areas of life.
• Entrepreneurship world is open to womenfolk.
• Thailand – 18.5% women as entrepreneurs
• India – 14.1% women as entrepreneurs
• Japan – 0.6% women as entrepreneurs
CONCEPT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
• Women entrepreneur – a women or a group of women who initiate, organize and
operate a business enterprise.
• Indian government – women entrepreneurship
“An enterprise owned and controlled by women having a minimum financial
interest of 51% of capital of giving at least 51% of employment generated in
enterprise to women.”
• Kerala government – women industrial units
“Units owned by women and engages in small scale and cottage industries with not
less than 80% of the total workers as women”
CONCEPT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
• Kerala government – with effect from 6th February 1992, women entrepreneur
Enterprises is as follows: “A small scale industrial units/industrially related services
or business enterprise managed by one or more women entrepreneurs in proprietary
concerns in which she/they will individually or jointly have share capital of not less
than 51% as partners/ shareholders / directors of private limited company, members
of co-operative society”.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Ms Sonam Kapil, Lecturer MIT, MIET Group
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION - O.Venugopalan
www.managementisland.org
Google
DISCUSSIO
N
THANK YOU