Unit 2 revision class

Without looking at your periodic table, write down the

chemical symbols for the first 20 elements of the periodic
table:
1 - Hydrogen 11 – Sodium
2 - Helium 12 - Magnesium
3 - Lithium 13- Aluminium
4 - Beryllium 14 - Silicon
5 - Boron 15 - Phosphorous
6 - Carbon 16 - Sulfur
7 - Nitrogen 17 - Chlorine
18 - Argon
8 - Oxygen 19 - Potassium
9 - Fluorine 20 - Calcium
10 - Neon
Using your periodic table, write down the names of the elements with these number of electrons (in total):

3 electrons _______________

16 electrons ______________

Explain how you got these answers

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………
 Draw a diagram of an atom of oxygen
Show the nucleus and the electrons in their shells

What group is this element in?

How can you tell this without looking at a periodic table?

How many electrons surround the
nucleus of an atom of Calcium?

How many neutrons does an atom of

Zinc have in its nucleus?

How many electrons surround the

nucleus of an atom of Xenon?
How many protons does an atom of
Copper have in its nucleus?

How many protons does an atom of

Hydrogen have in its nucleus?

How many electrons, protons and neutrons does

an atom of Bromine have?
What is Reactivity?

Reactivity has to do with an element's ability

to gain or lose electrons.
A more reactive element will be able to
gain/lose electrons faster than a less
reactive element.
Predicting the Reactivity for Metals

When referring to metals on the periodic table, the

reactivity of these elements increases when
going down a group.

Reactivity also increases when moving from

right to left in a row/period on the periodic table
Predicting the Reactivity for Metals

• Which group are the most reactive metals?

• Which group are the second most reactive metals?
Predicting the Reactivity for Metals

Group 1 (Alkali Metals) are the most reactive metals.

Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals) are the second most
reactive metals.

Can you explain why?

Clue: think about the electronic configuration
(electrons in the shells).
 Predicting the Reactivity for Metals

Group 1 (Alkali Metals) are the most reactive metals because this group
contains only 1 electron in the outer shell that when its lost, makes the
new outer shell full & stable.
It’s really easy for it to lose that 1 electron.

Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals) are the second most reactive metals

because this group contains only 2 electrons in the outer shell, so when it
loses both electrons, it stabilizes the outer electron shell.
It’s just a bit harder for it to lose those 2 electrons.
Predicting the Reactivity for Metals

Which is the most reactive element in group 1:

Lithium or Potassium? (look at your periodic tables)

Which is the most reactive element in group 2: Beryllium or Calcium?

What do you remember about how
Group 1 elements react with water?

- what happens, what can be seen?

- what does this tell us about these metals?
- how are they similar?
- how are they different?
Predicting the Reactivity for Nonmetals

When referring to nonmetals on the periodic

table, the reactivity of these elements increase
when going UP a group, and from left to right in
a row/period on the periodic table
Which are the most reactive group of non-metals? Why?
Why are the elements in group 8 so unreactive?
Group 7 (Halogens) are the most reactive non-metals.
This is because Halogens have 7 electrons in the outer shell, so they
really want to gain an electron in order to complete their full shell of 8.

Group 8 (Noble Gases) are the least reactive elements. This

is because they already have 8 electrons in their outer shell.
Since they already have 8 electrons, this group of elements
does not want to gain or lose their electrons, which makes them
the least reactive.
 What is an ion?
ANSWERS
1) Metals form ions by losing electrons to form positive ions. 
2) A negative ion has more electrons than protons.
3) The charge on the ions of all group 7 elements, including bromine, is -1.
4) The electronic structure of a magnesium ion is 2.8.
5) Electrostatic forces hold an ionic lattice together.

6) There are 15 calcium ions for every 30 chloride ions, so there is 1 calcium ion
for every 2 chloride ions. This means that the formula of calcium chloride is
CaCl
7) An2.ionic compound has a high melting point, and it conducts electricity
when liquid.
8) The formula of a sulfide ion is S2-.
9) The element, barium, is in group 2.
 What is a covalent bond?
 What do you know about the properties
of ionic and covalent compounds?

How can you test these properties in the

lab?