Disaster

Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

►Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster

Risk
►Factors which underlie to Disasters
►Disasters and Its Effects
 Disaster Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1
Basic Concept of Disaster and Disaster Risk
 Introduction
Every year, millions of people around the world are affected
by either human-caused or natural disaster.
What is a Disaster?
Hazards
A dangerous phenomenon, substance,
human activity or condition that may
cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of
livelihoods and service, social and
economic disruption, or environmental.
Disaster
A serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society involving widespread
human, material, economic or environmental
losses and impacts which exceeds the ability
of the affected community or society to cope
using its own resources.
Hazards Disaster
A dangerous phenomenon, A serious disruption of the
substance, human activity or functioning of a community or
condition a society
Hazards Disaster
A dangerous phenomenon, A serious disruption of the
substance, human activity or functioning of a community or
condition a society
Classification of Disasters

►Natural Disasters
►Man-Made Disasters
 Natural Disasters
►It is caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes,
typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and
extreme temperatures.
 Man-Made Disasters
►It is caused by man in which major direct
causes are identifiable intentional or non-
intentional human actions.
 Man-Made Disasters
1. Technological/Industrial Disasters
Unregulated industrialization and inadequate safety
standards increase the risk for industrial disasters.
 Man-Made Disasters
2. Terrorism/Violence
The threat of terrorism has also increased due to the spread of
technologies involving nuclear, biological, and chemical agents
used to develop weapons of mass destruction.
 Man-Made Disasters
3. Complex humanitarian emergencies
Large numbers of people are displaced from their homes due to the lack of
personal safety and the disruption of basic infrastructure including food
distribution, water, electricity, and sanitation, or communities are left
stranded and isolated in their own homes unable to access assistance.
“At Risk…”
What do you know
about Disaster
Risks?
 Disaster Risk
►Disaster risk is defined as “the probablity that
a community’s structure or geographic area is
to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a
particular hazard, on account of its nature,
construction and proximity to a hazardous area.
(ADPC, 2012)
3 Important Elements:
Disaster Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1
Factors which Underlie to Disasters
Factors which Underlie
Disasters
► Climate change
 Factors which Underlie
Disasters
►Climate change
can increase disaster risk in a variety of ways – by altering
the frequency and intensity of hazards events, affecting
vulnerability to hazards, and changing exposure patterns. For
most people, the expression “climate change” means the
alteration of the world’s climate that we humans are causing
such as burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and other
practices that increase the carbon footprint and
concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Factors which Underlie
Disasters
► Environmental Degradation
 Factors which Underlie
Disasters
►Environmental Degradation
changes to the environment can influence the frequency
and intensity of hazards, as well as our exposure and
vulnerability to these hazards. For instance, deforestation
of slopes often leads to an increase in landslide hazard
and removal of mangroves can increase the damage
caused by storm surges
Factors which Underlie
Disasters
► Poverty and Inequality
 Factors which Underlie
Disasters
Poverty and Inequality
Impoverished people are more likely to live in hazard
exposed areas and are less able to invest in risk-reducing
measures. The lack of access to insurance and social
protection means that people in poverty are often forced
to use their already limited assets to buffer disaster
losses, which drives them into further poverty.
 Factors which Underlie
Disasters
►Poorly Planned and managed Urban Development
 Factors which Underlie
Disasters
Poorly Planned and Managed Urban Development
A new wave of urbanization is unfolding in hazard-exposed countries
and with it, new opportunities for resilient investment emerge. People,
poverty, and disaster risk are increasingly concentrated in cities. The
growing rate of urbanization and the increase in population density (in
cities) can lead to creation of risk, especially when urbanization is
rapid, poorly planned and occurring in a context of widespread poverty.
Growing concentrations of people and economic activities in many
cities are seen to overlap with areas of high-risk exposure.
Factors which Underlie
Disasters
► Weak Governance
 Factors which Underlie
Disasters
Weak Governance
Weak governance zones are investment environments in
which public sector actors are unable or unwilling to
assume their roles and responsibilities in protecting
rights, providing basic services and public services.
Disaster risk is disproportionately concentrated in lower-
income countries with weak governance
Disaster Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1
Disasters and Its Effects
Effects of Natural and Man-Made Disasters

1. Displaced Populations
2. Health Risks
3. Food Scarcity
4. Emotional Aftershocks
 Displaced Populations
When countries are ravaged by earthquakes or other powerful forces
of nature, many people need to abandon their homes and seek shelter
in other regions. A large numbers of people can disrupt accessibility
of health care and education, as well as food supplies and clean water.
 Health Risks
Aside from the obvious immediate danger that natural
disasters present, the secondary effect can be just as
damaging.
 Food Scarcity
The aftermath of natural disasters affects the food supplies.
Thousands of people around the world are hungry because of
destroyed crops and loss of agricultural supplies, whether it
happens suddenly in a storm or gradually in a drought.
 Emotional Aftershocks
Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children.
Confronted with scenes of destruction and the deaths of friends and
loved ones, many children develop post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD).
Ways on how to plan ahead of disaster:
1. Check for hazards at home.
2. Identify safe place indoors and outdoors
3. Educate yourself and family members
4. Have Disaster kits/supplies on hand.
5. Develop an emergency communication plan.
Disaster Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1
Disaster from Different Perspectives
6Perspectives of Disaster

1. Physical Perspective
2. Psychological Perspective
3. Socio-cultural Perspective
4. Economic Perspective
5. Political Perspective
6. Biological Perspective
 Physical Perspective

It pertain to the tangible objects

or infrastructure , like the
availability of fire exits, of the
sturdiness of the building, or the
presence or absence of objects
that can harm you or help you.
Psychological Perspective
It includes the state of mental
capacity and (are we dealing with
babies, kids, adults, PWD, or
special needs?) perception of self
(self-assessment of capabilityto
respond to disaster, fear)
 Socio-cultural Perspective
It involves people’s beliefs, religion, traditions, social
status, and perceptions within a community with respect
to considering their response to disaster.
 Economic Perspective
It involves income, assets and liabilities, and economic class of an
individual or a community in the society. Disasters affect the
economic condition of a community because they reduce local and
international trade.
 Political Perspective

It involves structure of the government, issues in diplomacy, etc. in dealing

with disasters. Politics can be affected in the time of a disaster. Government
structure and political actions can change depending on the need. Political
actions during and after a disaster can be ways to update existing laws, rules
and physical aspects of the government. Resources and funds can be
realigned to focus on building local resilience and for rehabilitation and
reconstruction.
 Biological Perspective

It includes the flora and fauna in environment,

health, diseases, etc.
6Perspectives of Disaster

1. Physical Perspective
2. Psychological Perspective
3. Socio-cultural Perspective
4. Economic Perspective
5. Political Perspective
6. Biological Perspective
“Disaster is not just a phenomena
of our planet, but it is also can be
induced and its impact transcend
beyond to our imagination”