TREATMENT OF

WASTEWATER USING
CERAMIC MEMBRANE

Under the guidance of Presented By

Dr. P. Gomathi Priya Lokeshwaran K
Professor 2021404034
Department of Chemical Engg. M.Tech, Chemical Engg.
Introduction
• One of the main sources of direct and continuous pollution input into aquatic environments
is industrial effluent.
• There are plenty of methods to treat those effluents namely, membrane treatment,
adsorption methods, photocatalysis, biological treatment, etc.
• In recent decades membrane technology is considered an effective means of effluent
purification, which accounts for the broad variety of employed separation membranes.
• The three types of membranes based on the materials are polymeric, metallic, and ceramic
membranes.
CERAMIC MEMBRANE:
• It is more convenient in terms of the life cycle, permeate flow, fouling propensity,
cleaning effectiveness, and environmental effects.
• Ceramic membrane shows the properties of high strength, high thermal stability,
unreacted towards solvents, less fouling, and long durability.
• The ceramic membrane is mostly made from clays, zeolites, apatite, quartz sand, fly
ash, rice husk ash, etc.
Literature Survey
Paper name Author Name Year Inference

• 2 ceramic membranes (MWCO of

Comparison of ceramic
1000 & 8000) and 2 polymeric
and polymeric
membranes (MWCO of 250 &
membranes for natural S Lee, J Cho 2004
8000)
organic matter (NOM)
• The removal of NOM & DBP
removal
• The permeability was high
Elaboration and
characterization of low-
• Low-cost ceramic membrane made
cost ceramic membrane
S Souad, A from natural Moroccan perlite
made from natural 2018
Bouazizi, et al., • Turbidity elimination agro-food:
Moroccan perlite for
97% and tannery: 96%
treatment of industrial
wastewater

An Investigation on • Sea shell is used as a filter to reduce

Seashells Powder as FM Akmal, KA the pH value of water of 8 to 7.3
2020
Filter For Drinking Kamarudin et al., when the mixture of sea shell in the
Water compound is 40%
Literature Survey
Paper name Author Name Year Inference

Characterization of
calcium carbonate • The characterization of sea shell is
obtained from oyster and Michele RRH, PS done.
2012
mussel shells and Balzer et al., • The CaCO3 content in oyster sea
incorporation in shell was >95%.
polypropylene
• The seashell contains CaCO3 in the
The seashell wastes as form of calcite and aragonite
biosorbent for reactive S Daniela, D Bilba, minerals.
2012
dye removal from textile et al., • The sea shell powder is used as the
effluents biosorbent for treating textile
effluent.

Performance and • Poly Ether Sulfone (PES) is used for

characteristics study of making the ceramic because of its
PES/ZrSiO4 and Umapriya R, flexibility, better permeability,
2019
PES/SiO2 membrane for Manisha VH et al., market availability, etc.
tannery and textile • PES-UF is proven that it is
effluent treatment econimcally feasible.
RESEARCH GAP:

• From the literature review,

• The synthesis cost of ceramic membrane is high.
• The ceramic membrane synthesized was not maximum implied in industries.

• The CaCO3 is used for treatment of wastewater and drinking water.

• The raw material clinchel oyster sea shell is used in adsorption as adsorbent.
• The clinchel oyster sea shell was used as the support material for the ceramic
membrane.
OBJECTIVES

• To synthesis the low-cost ceramic membrane using clinchel oyster as raw material
with different compositions of raw material and binding material.

• To characterize the physical(average pore diameter, porosity, density,

permeability), chemical(pH, chemical stability), and mechanical properties(tensile
strength, hardness, fatigue limit) of the membrane prepared.

• To determine the type of filtration according to the properties.

• To characterize the physiochemical properties of the effluent.

• To design a membrane reactor setup for treating the effluent and to characterize
permeate collected
Materials and Methods
• Raw material : Clinchel Oyster sea shell
• Binding material/additive material : Poly Ether Sulfone (PES)

Methodology
Size Adding Mixture of
Raw Powdered Raw seashell
Material Material Powder and
Reduction PES PES
Pressing

Sintering
Ceramic Flat sheet like
Membrane substance
 WORK DONE

Raw Material Preparation, the clinchel oyster sea shell was collected and cleaned
and kept in hot air oven to remove the moisture for 3 hours at 80 oC. Then kept at
room temperature.

Then the sea shell is grinded using Ball mill to make it as a fine particle and to make
it as finer particle it is placed in planetary ball mill for 4 hours. Then the particle is
given for particle size analysis and the results were obtained .

Then the 5g of PES is added with the 45 g of sea shell powder and well mixed and
made into flat thin sheet using pressing. Then the thin sheet was given for sintering
Particle Size Analyzer Result
• Sea shell powder, PSA- Average diameter of particles are 5437 nm and the Poly disparity
index value is 0.021.

Fig. 1. Particle Size Analyzer for powdered sea shell

Work to be Done

• The sintered ceramic membrane will be collected and their physical, chemical,
mechanical properties will be studied.

• Then the various compositions of raw material and polyethersulfone, 93:7 %

& 90:10% will be carried out and their characteristics will be studied.

• Then according to the properties, the type of filtration is decided and the
effluent is also selected.

• The reactor setup will be made. Then the characteristics of wastewater before
and after treatment will be noted.
References:

 Lee Sangyoup, and Jaeweon Cho. "Comparison of ceramic and polymeric membranes for natural organic matter
(NOM) removal." Desalination 160, no. 3 (2004): 223-232.
 Saja Souad, Abdelmjid Bouazizi, Brahim Achiou, Mohamed Ouammou, Abderrahman Albizane, Jamal Bennazha,
and Saad Alami Younssi. "Elaboration and characterization of low-cost ceramic membrane made from natural
Moroccan perlite for treatment of industrial wastewater." Journal of environmental chemical engineering 6, no. 1
(2018): 451-458.
 Fadzli Mohd Akmal, Kamarul-Azhar Kamarudin, Sabariah Musa, Saifulnizan Jamian, and Mohamed Nasrul
Mohamed Hatta. "An Investigation on Seashells Powder as Filter For Drinking Water." Advanced Research in
Natural Fibers 2, no. 2 (2020): 11-16.
 Hamester Michele Regina Rosa, Palova Santos Balzer, and Daniela Becker. "Characterization of calcium
carbonate obtained from oyster and mussel shells and incorporation in polypropylene." Materials Research 15
(2012): 204-208.
 Suteu Daniela, Doina Bilba, Magdalena Aflori, Florica Doroftei, Gabriela Lisa, Marinela Badeanu, and Teodor
Malutan. "The seashell wastes as biosorbent for reactive dye removal from textile effluents." Clean–Soil, Air,
Water 40, no. 2 (2012): 198-205.
 Umapriya R., Manisha Vidyavathy H, G. Arthanareeswaran, J. Rohan, and A. R. Poorna. "Performance and
characteristics study of PES/ZrSiO4 and PES/SiO2 membrane for tannery and textile effluent treatment." Journal
of Ceramic Processing Research 20, no. 3 (2019): 291-300.