4 – The Definite Integral

ES 14: Calculus II (Integral Calculus)

David A. Agbayani

Note: These lecture slides are not meant to be published.

 Definite Integral
• For a given function whose integral is , where and are two given
values of : The change in the value of the integral as changes from
to , or , is called the definite integral of between the limits and ,
or the definite integral from to .

• is also known as the lower limit, while is known as the upper

limit.
 General Properties
1. Interchanging the limits changes the sign of the integral.

2. The interval of integration may be broken up into any number of

sub-intervals, and the integration is performed independently
over each interval. So, for
 Theorems on Odd & Even Functions
1. If is an EVEN function of , the integral of the function from to is
equal to twice the integral of the function from 0 to .

• To check if a function is EVEN, if you change to , the function

remains unchanged.

• Its graph is also symmetrical with respect to the y-axis.

 Theorems on Odd & Even Functions
• For instance, if we take the integral of from to 2, it would be equal
to doubling the integral of from 0 to 2.
 Theorems on Odd & Even Functions
2. If is an ODD function of , the integral of the function from to is
equal to zero.

• To check if a function is ODD, if you change to , the function

becomes the negative of the original function.

• Its graph is also symmetrical with respect to the origin.

 Theorems on Odd & Even Functions
• For instance, if we take the integral of from to , the “negative area”
from to 0 would only cancel out the equivalent “positive area”
from 0 to .

• (If you check this on your

calculator, it would show a
really small number.)
 Example 1
• Evaluate the integral

• Note that in evaluating definite integrals, the arbitrary constant is

omitted.
 Example 2
• Evaluate the integral

• Let . That gives us , or . Substituting,

 Example 2

• Substituting back the value of ,

 Example 3
• Evaluate the integral

• Conducting long division on the integrand, we get

 Example 3

𝟒𝟕
¿ − 𝐥𝐧𝟐
𝟔
 Example 4
• Evaluate the integral

• Using the trigonometric identity ,

 Example 5
• Evaluate the integral

• Rewriting this in terms of exponents instead of radicals,

• If we let , then .
Example 5
 Exercises*
• Evaluate the following integrals:

• Answer:

• Answer:

*not for submission