IC CONCEPTS OF PROBABIL

Fundamental
Principle of Counting
Techniques/Methods
 Lesson Objectives
 Identify an experiment, outcome, sample space,
and event.

 Count the number of occurrences of an outcome

in an experiment and organize them using a
diagram, tabular method, systematic listing and
the fundamental counting principle.

 Integrate relevant concept of The Fundamental

Principle of Counting in a real-life context.
Fundamental Counting Method

1.A Tree Diagram

2.Tabular Method
3.Systematic Listing Method
4.Fundamental Counting Prin
ciple
 Tree Diagram
Experiment:
“Tossing a Coin Twice”
1ST Toss 2ND Toss Possible Outcomes
H HH
H T HT

H TH
T
T TT
 Tabular Method
Experiment:
“Tossing a Coin Twice”
1ST Toss 2nd Toss Possible Outcomes
H H HH
H T HT
T H TH
T T TT
 Systematic Listing Method
Experiment:
“Tossing a Coin Twice”
Possible Outcomes:
{HH}, {HT}, {TH}, {TT}
H means HEAD
T means Tail
 Fundamental Principle of Counting

If an event has m possible outcomes or

can be done in m ways, and when it has
been done, a second event has n possible
outcomes or can be done in n ways, and
when it has been done, a third event has p
possible outcomes or can be done in p
ways, and so forth then, the total number
of outcomes is the product of m, n, and p.
That is
(m)(n)(p)…
 Example:

1. Find the number of possible outcomes in:

a.) rolling a die twice

Solution: (6)(6) = 36 ways

b.) tossing a coin 5 times

Solution: (2)(2)(2)(2)(2) = 32 ways
 Example:
2. Using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, how
many:
a. three-digit numbers can be formed without repetition of
digits?
Solution: 7 x 8 x 9 = 504 ways
b. three-digit numbers can be formed with repetition?
Solution: 9 x 9 x 9 = 729 ways
c. three-digit even numbers can be formed without
repetition?
Solution: 7 x 8 x 4 = 224 ways
d. three-digit odd numbers can be formed with repetition?
Solution: 9 x 9 x 4 = 324 ways
 Activity: Try it out!!!

Problem:

If a coin is tossed and a

die is rolled, how many
outcomes are there?
Questions:
1. How many shirts are there?
2. How many pairs of short pants are there?
3. How many pairs of long pants are there?
4. How many different outfits can you choose?
EVALUATION