DEV SANSKRITI

VISHWAVIDYALAYA

PRESENTED TO- DR. NAVEEN KUMAR PANDEY

(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT.
PRESENTED BY- SHUBHASHREE DAS
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
1. What is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a connection-oriented communications protocol
that facilitates the exchange of messages between computing devices in a network. It is the
most common protocol in networks that use the Internet Protocol (IP); together they are
sometimes referred to as TCP/IP.
 Features Of TCP
 TCP ensures that the data reaches the intended destination in the same order it was
sent.
 TCP is connection-oriented. TCP requires that a connection between two remote
points be established before sending actual data.
 TCP provides an error-checking and recovery mechanism.
 TCP provides end-to-end communication.
 TCP provides flow control and quality of service.
 TCP operates in Client/Server point-to-point mode.
 TCP provides a full-duplex server, i.e. it can perform roles of both receiver and
sender.
 How Transmission Control Protocol works
 In TCP, the connection is established by using three-way handshaking. The client sends the
segment with its sequence number. The server, in return, sends its segment with its own
sequence number as well as the acknowledgment sequence, which is one more than the
client sequence number. When the client receives the acknowledgment of its segment, then
it sends the acknowledgment to the server. In this way, the connection is established
between the client and the server.
 determines how to break application data into packets that networks can deliver;
 sends packets to, and accepts packets from, the network layer;
 manages flow control;
 handles retransmission of dropped or garbled packets, as it's meant to provide error-free data
transmission; and
 acknowledges all packets that arrive.
 Advantages of TCP
 It provides a connection-oriented reliable service, which means that it guarantees the delivery
of data packets. If the data packet is lost across the network, then the TCP will resend the lost
packets.
 It provides a flow control mechanism using a sliding window protocol.
 It provides error detection by using checksum and error control by using Go Back or ARP
protocol.
 It eliminates the congestion by using a network congestion avoidance algorithm that includes
various schemes such as additive increase/multiplicative decrease (AIMD), slow start, and
congestion window.

Disadvantages of TCP

 It increases a large amount of overhead as each segment gets its own TCP header, so
fragmentation by the router increases the overhead.
 TCP DIVIDED INTO FOUR LAYER
1. Application Layer:-
 The application layer of the seven-layer OSI model is the top layer that approaches protocols
for application interaction with the network. Advertisements.

2. Transport Layer:-
 The transport layer provides communication between application processes running on
different hosts within a layered architecture of protocols and other network components. 
 3. Internet Layer:-
  This layer, also known as the network layer, accepts and delivers packets for the network. It
includes the powerful Internet protocol (IP), the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
protocol, and the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) protocol.

4. Network Access:-
THANK YOU