Anatomy &

Histology
 Ovaries
• Almond-shaped and -sized female gonads
• Found laterally in between uterus and pelvic wall
• Hilumthe entry and exit of vessels and nerves along the
mesovarium

Function:
• Where the oocytes develop & produce reproductive hormone
• Endocrine gland that produce reproductive hormone

Ligament
1. Broad ligament: short peritoneal fold /mesentery
2. Suspensory ligament
• Connect ovary to wall of pelvis which become continuous to
mesovarium. Contain vessels,lymphatics and nerves
3. Ovarian ligament
• Connects proximal end of ovary to lateral angle of uterus.
Located in the middle mesovarium
• A remnant of superior part of ovarian gubernaculum of fetus
 Uterine tube
• Tube that connects the ovary to the uterus
• Extend laterally from uterine horns and open into peritoneal cavity
near the ovaries
• 10cm long, lie in mesosalpinx (narrow mesentery)

Function:
• Conduct oocyte from peri-ovarian peritoneal cavity to uterine cavity
• Provide the usual site of fertilization

Part:
1. Infundibulum
• Funnel-shaped distal end of tube that opens into peritoneal cavity
through abdominal ostium
• Fimbriae (finger-like process) attach to superior pole of ovary
2. Ampulla
• Widest and longest part
• Begins at medial end of infundibulum
• Fertilization occurs here
3. Isthmus
• Thick-walled part of the tube, which enters the uterine horn
4. Uterine part
• Short intramural segment
• Passes wall of uterus via uterine ostium uterine cavity
 Vascularization
Arterial supply
1. Ovarian artery
Abdominal aorta  Ovarian arteriesdescend along
posterior abdominal wall cross external iliac vessels
 suspensory ligament  approach lateral aspect of
ovaries and uterine tube
2. Uterine artery
Internal iliac artery  uterine artery  ascending
branch  course along lateral aspect of uterus 
approach medial aspect of ovaries and tubes
3. Both the ovarian and ascending uterine arteries
terminate by bifurcating into ovarian and tubal branches,
which supply the ovaries and tubes from opposite ends

Venous drainage
• Ovarypampiniform plexus of veins merge form
singular ovarian vein leave lesser pelvis with
ovarian artery
• The right ovarian vein ascends inferior vena cava;
the left ovarian vein left renal vein
• The tubal veins drain into the ovarian veins and
uterine (uterovaginal) venous plexus
 Innervation
• Partly from the ovarian plexus & uterine
(pelvic) plexus

• Visceral afferent pain fibers ascend

retrogradely with the descending
sympathetic fibers of the ovarian plexus
and lumbar splanchnic nerves cell
bodies in the T11–L1 spinal sensory
ganglia.

• Visceral afferent reflex fibers follow

parasympathetic fibers retrogradely
through the uterine (pelvic) and inferior
hypogastric plexuses and the pelvic
splanchnic nerves cell bodies in the S2–
S4 spinal sensory ganglia.
 Ovary

• Size: 3 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, and 1 cm

thick
• The surface epithelium → simple cuboidal
epithelium
• The tunica albuginea → dense connective
tissue capsule
• Cortex → region with a stroma of highly
cellular connective tissue and many
ovarian follicles varying greatly in size
after menarche
• Medulla → contains loose connective
tissue and blood vessels