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Bab Vii: Restraints
Bab Vii: Restraints
BAB VII
RESTRAINTS
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Chapter VII Restraints
7.1 Anchors
Connecting node
(rigidly fix)
Stiff : 6 DOF
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Chapter VII Restraints
Displacement for
the node
Dis : 6 DOF
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Chapter VII Restraints
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Chapter VII Restraints
Continued...
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Chapter VII Restraints
by the user
• calculates and inserts restraints to simulate the nozzle
flexibilities
• calculates flexibilities for the axial translations,
circumferential, and longitudinalbending
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Chapter VII Restraints
Example :
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Chapter VII Restraints
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Chapter VII Restraints
Model
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Chapter VII Restraints
Translational
Rotational
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Chapter VII Restraints
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Chapter VII Restraints
7.8 Guide
• Double-acting restraints with or without a specified gap.
• Connecting Nodes (CNode) can be used with guides.
• May be using the global coordinate or restraints type
GUI
• A “guide” pipe in horizontal : acting in the horizontal
plane, orthogonal to the axis of pipe
• A “guide” vertical pipe : X and Z direction supports
• Direction cosines : compute by CAESAR II
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Chapter VII Restraints
Example :
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Chapter VII Restraints
Example :
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Chapter VII Restraints
7.10 Windows
• Equal leg windows are modeled using two double-acting
restraints with gaps orthogonal to the pipe axis.
• Unequal leg windows are modeled using four single-acting
restraints with gaps orthogonal to the pipe axis.
• The gap is always positive. If there is no sign, then the
restraint is double-acting and the gap exists on both sides of
the line of action of the restraint. If there is a sign on the
restraint then the gap exists on the “restrained” line of action
of the restraint, i.e. a +Y restraint is restrained against
movement in the -Y direction, and any gap associated with a
+Y restraint is the free movement in the -Y direction before
the restraint begins acting.
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Chapter VII Restraints
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Chapter VII Restraints
7.11 Rotational
Directional
Restraints with
Gaps
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Chapter VII Restraints
7.12 Single Directional Restraints with
Predefined Displacement
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Chapter VII Restraints
7.13 Single-
Directional
Restraint
and Guide
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Chapter VII Restraints
7.14 Restraint
Settlement
Single
directional
restraints
Predefined
displacement
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Chapter VII Restraints
7.15 Skewed Double-Acting Restraint
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Chapter VII Restraints
7.16 Skewed Single-Directional Restraint
Connecting Nodes
(Cnode) can be used Direction
cosines
vector
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Chapter VII Restraints
7.17 Restraint
Between
Two Pipes
(Use of CNodes)
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Chapter VII Restraints
CNode connecting
pipe to rigid element
(vessel shell)
Linear or nonlinear
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Chapter VII Restraints
7.19 Restraints
on a Bend
at 45o
Rigid rod
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Chapter VII Restraints
7.19.1
Restraints on
a Bend at 30o
and 60o
3 nodes angle
0o “near” point
To node
“far” point
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Chapter VII Restraints
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Chapter VII Restraints
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Chapter VII Restraints
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Chapter VII Restraints
YROD
Mu Fi swing : 5o concave
ZROD
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Chapter VII Restraints
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Chapter VII Restraints
Constant Effort
Hangers
Very small
Spring Hangers
• Stif, Len, Fi : must be filled
• with or without CNode
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Chapter VII Restraints
7.26 Large Rotation Rods (Struts)
Stif K1 (Initial Stiffness)
Rod pull up Large rotation
effect. Gap K2 (Yield Stiffness)
Bilinear : 2 direction Type Mu Fy ( Yield Load)
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Chapter VII Restraints
Continued…
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Chapter VII Restraints
overheated
Plastic Hinges
bending
Translational
Plastic
deformation torsional
Plastic hinge
Bi-linear restraints
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Chapter VII Restraints
• Eliminate vibration
• Cold position
• single compression spring
Spring rate: 150 lb/in.
• preventing additional movement Initial loading: 150 lb
Allowed movement: 3 in.
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Chapter VII Restraints
Spring rate: 150 lb/in.
Example: Sway Brace Installed in the Operating Initial loading: 150 lb
Condition Allowed movement: 3.0 in.
Calculated displacement: .5 in.
First :
Analyze without the sway brace displacement
END OF
RESTRAINTS
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