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‫”رب اشرح لى صدرى‬

‫ويسر لى امرى واحلل‬
‫عقدة من لسانى‬
‫يفقهوا قولى“‬
‫‪2‬‬
Tutorial On The SCADA System

Prepared by :
Eng: Yahia Bahaa El din Hassan

yhassan@tvtc.gov.sa

Tel:- 00966-53-2090778

http://www.icgst.com/conferences/conference.aspx?confid=56
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 SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

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 Road Map
 What is a control system?
 What is SCADA?
 Where and why SCADA is used?
 How SCADA systems work?
 Modern features
 Actual application for SCADA system in
EGYPT
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First of all, Lets see what is a Control
System?
A Control system is a system that holds
responsible in top of another system
( being controlled system ) for setting and
stabling the system in a predefined state.

Nowadays control systems are mostly

microprocessor based. ( Microcontrollers, PLCs,
PC-Based control systems )
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 What is SCADA?
SCADA is not a specific technology, but a type of
application. SCADA stands for Supervisory Control
And Data Acquisition. Any application that gets data
about a system in order to control that system is a
SCADA application.

SCADA is not just a hardware, neither a software. It is

a system as a combination of special hardware,
software.
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 Where is SCADA Used?
Electric power generation, transmission and
distribution
Natural gas distribution
Fuel oil storage and flow
Water storage and flow
Manufacturing
Buildings, facilities and environments
Traffic signals
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 Why SCADA is used?
 Access quantitative measurements of important
processes, both immediately and over time
 Detect and correct problems as soon as they begin
 Measure trends over time
 The ability to send necessary information to
engineers and operators in real-time using instant
messaging
 Control larger and more complex processes with a
smaller, less specialized staff
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 How SCADA systems work?

A SCADA system performs four functions:

1) Data acquisition
2) Networked data communication
3) Data presentation
4) Control

These functions are performed by four kinds of

SCADA components:
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 1. Sensors
Sensors (either digital or analog)
and control relays that directly
interface with the managed system.

Sensors used in SCADA systems

can be digital or analog.
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 SCADA Sensors Examples:
1.) Temperature Sensors

2.) Humidity Sensors

3.) Motion Sensors

4.) Liquid Level Sensors
5.) Water Flow Sensors
6.) Smoke Sensors
7.) Door Sensors
8.) Power Failure Sensors
9.) Current Sensors
10.) Propane Tank Sensors

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3.) Motion Sensors

4.) Liquid Level Sensors

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5.) Water Flow Sensors

6.) Smoke Sensors

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7.) Door Sensors

8.) Power Failure Sensors

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9.) Current Sensors

10.) Propane Tank Sensors

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2. Remote Terminal Units (RTUs)
These are small computerized units deployed
in the field at specific sites and locations.

RTUs serve as local collection points for

gathering reports from sensors and delivering
commands to control relays.

RTUs components and modules are as

follows: 17
RTU Components
 Power supply
 Back-up battery
 Radio module
 4 – 15 I/O modules

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 RTU Modules
 Digital Modules – two I/O states
 Digital Monitor Module (DMM)
 Digital Control Module (DCM)

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 RTU Modules
 Support Modules – no I/O functions
 Power Supply Module (PSM)
 Radio Interface Module (RIM)
 Computer Interface Module (CIM)

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 RTU Modules
 Analog Modules – numerical control/monitor
 Analog Monitor Module (AMM)
 Analog Control Module (ACM)

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 RTU Modules
 Controllers

Logical modules perform complete closed loop, automatic

control functions like Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

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3. Master Terminal Unit (MTU)
(Master Station)
This is a larger computer that serves as the
central processor for the SCADA system.

MTU provides a human interface to the

system and automatically regulate the
managed system in response to sensor
inputs.

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 MTU Components
 Operator
 Personal Computer
 Human Machine Interface (HMI)
 Historical Data logging
 Monitoring
 Limited Control

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4. The communications network
The communications network
connects Master Terminal Unit
(MTU) to the RTUs in the field.

The communication systems,

components and protocols are as
follows: 25
COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS
 PSTN Network
 Leased Lines
Optical fiber
 Internet
 Wireless
 LAN
 Global System for Mobiles (GSM)
 Radio modems
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 COMMUNICATION
COMPONENTS

 Local Area Network (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

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 COMMUNICATION
PROTOCOLS

 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

 Modicon Bus (MODBUS)

 Distributed Network Protocol (DNP 3.0)

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 New Trends in SCADA
- Web-Based SCADA systems
- Connecting SCADA system to Internet
- Gives more functionality to our system
- Security issues should be covered

- Using Instant Messaging to report systems status (implemented)

- Giving more functionality
- Using a reliable instant messaging service

- Using Short Message Service to report critical situations (implemented)

- A kind of instant messaging, Mobile Telecommunication network
- Using SMS server, connecting a cell to PC, setting up a web server
and using WAP.

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Instant Messaging for SCADA
Facilitate the remote monitor and control by utilizing the secure
IM. Instant Messaging ( IM ) is a type of communications
service over the Internet that enables individuals to exchange
text messages and track availability of a list of users in real-
time.

By taking advantage of the near real time feature of IM and

richness of the IM presence, we bring forward a secure IM
based remote monitor and control system.

LDAP-based device and system management

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol ( LDAP ) specifically
targeted at management applications and browser applications
that provide read/write interactive access to directories.

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SCADA on mobile phone
The system allows you to use your mobile phone
to monitor and control your process from any
location. More versatile than a pager system.

You can get detailed alarm messages about any

event that occurs in your business.

Java application in mobile phone transfers data

to/from WWW server.

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Actual application for
SCADA system in
EGYPT

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 The Ministry of Electricity and Energy in
EGYPT includes:-
1) Five companies to generate electricity

2) One Company to transmit electricity.

3) Nine companies for the distribution of

electricity that include all governorates
of Egypt
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 Middle Egypt Electricity
Distribution Company
(MEEDCO)
One of the nine companies for the
distribution of electricity is MEEDCO
that include 5 governorates:-
( Al Fayoum- Bny Swaif- Al Minia-
Assiut- Al Wadi el geded)
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 MEEDCO SCADA Project
- The project includes two governorates
( Minia- Assuit )
- The Investment cost of the project is 40
million egyptian pounds
- The ratio of the local component of the
project is 30%
- The project has served nearly 1.5 million
subscribers
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MEEDCO SCADA Project
The project consists of 3 centers:-

1) Monitor and control center ( Assuit )

2) Monitor and control center ( Minia )

3) Supervisory control center ( Minia )

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Minia control center

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Minia control center

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Some Screens of the project

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 Last words on SCADA
With new trends and technologies of computer and
electrical engineering, there are lots of functionalities
available, that we can add to our SCADA system.

You saw that SCADA covers different fields of

computer engineering like computer networking,
control, programming embedded systems, operating
systems, real-time systems.

SCADA is a very fast growing technology which is

widely used in plants and factories and makes good
job opportunities for you in the industry and in
computer engineering field. 46
 END

THANK YOU
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