Digital Logic Design: Lecture - 5

Digital Logic
Design
Lecture - 5
COMBINATIONAL
CIRCUITS
Page 262, 11th E
DLD by Dr. Muhammad Taha 2
Jilani
Chapter -
Combinational Logic 5
Analysis
• Basic Logic Circuits
– AND-OR Logic
• AND-OR logic produces an SOP
expression.
Equivalent POS
expression?
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Implementing Combinational
Logic
•For every Boolean expression there is a logic circuit,
and for every logic circuit there a
is expression. Boolean
– From a Boolean Expression to a Logic
Circuit
X = AB + CDE

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Summary
NAND Logic
Recall from Boolean algebra that double inversion cancels.

By adding inverting bubbles to below circuit, it is easily
converted to NAND gates:
A
C X= AC + AB
A
B Negative-OR = NAND
Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 10th ed © 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved
Summary
Combinational Logic Circuits
When the output of a SOP form is inverted, the circuit is
called an AND-OR-Invert circuit. The AOI configuration
lends itself to product-of-sums (POS) implementation.
An example of an AOI implementation is shown. The output
expression can be changed to a POS expression by applying
DeMorgan’s theorem twice.
A
B ABC
C X = ABC + DE X = ABC + DE AOI
D X = (ABC)(DE) DeMorgan
E DE X = (A + B + C)(D + E) POS
Combinational Logic
Analysis
• Basic Logic Circuits
– AND-OR-Invert Logic
• If AND-OR logic produces an SOP expression. Its
invert,
i.e. the AND-OR-Invert logic can produce a POS
expression.

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Summary
NOR Logic
Alternatively, DeMorgan’s theorem can be written as
A + B = A B. By using equivalent symbols, it is simpler
to read the logic of POS forms. For example,
A
B X = (A + B)(A + C)
A
C Negative-AND = NOR
Again, the logic is easy to read if you cancel the two

connected bubbles on a line.
Logic
•Minimize this combinational logic circuit, using K-
Map

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Logic
•Minimize this combinational logic circuit, using K-
Map

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Logic
•For every Boolean expression there is a logic circuit,
and for every logic circuit is a
there expression. Boolean
– From a Truth Table to a Logic Circuit

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Logic
•Combinational Logic Using Universal
Gates
– Implementing by NAND and NOR Logics
AND-OR NAND
Logic Logic
Expression simplification using
BOOLEAN rules and K-MAP
methods

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LED (Light Emitting Diode)
Seven Segment LED
Seven Segment LED
BCD Decoder/Driver
The a-g
Another useful decoder is the 74LS47. This is a BCD-to- outputs
seven segment display with active LOW outputs. are
VCC designed
(16) for much
BCD/7-
seg BI/RBO
(4) higher
BI/RBO
(7) a
(13) current
1 (12)
(1)
2
b
(11)
than most
BCD
inputs
(2)
4
c
d
(10)
Output
s to
devices
(6)
8
e
(9) seven (hence the
(3) (15) segme
LT
(5)
LT f
(14) nt word
RBI RBI g device
driver in
(8)
74LS4 the
7
GND name).
Seven Segment LED
BCD Decoder/Driver
BCD Decoder/Driver
BCD Decoder/Driver
Summary
BCD Decoder/Driver Summary
BCD Decoder/Driver
Here the 7447A is an connected to an LED seven segment

display. Notice the current limiting resistors, required to
prevent overdriving the LED display.
+5.0 V
1.0 kW
+5.0 V
74LS47 16
R's = MAN72
BCD/7-seg
3 VCC 330 W 3, 9, 14
LT a 13 1 a
4
BI/RBO b 12 13 b
5 RBI 11 10
c c
6 A 10 8
d d
2 B e 9 7 e
BCD
input 1 C f 15 2 f
g 14 11 g
7
D
GND
8
BCD Decoder/Driver
The 74LS47 features leading zero suppression, which

blanks unnecessary leading zeros but keeps significant
zeros as illustrated here. The BI/RBO output is connected
to the RBI input of the next decoder.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1
74LS47 74LS47 74LS47 74LS47

g f e d c b a BI/RBO g f e d c b a BI/RBO g f e d c b a BI/RBO g f e d c b a BI/RBO
Blanked Blanked Depending on the display type, current

limiting resistors may be required.
Summary
BCD Decoder/Driver
Trailing zero suppression blanks unnecessary trailing
zeros to the right of the decimal point as illustrated here.
The RBI input is connected to the BI/RBO output of the
following decoder.
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1
74LS47 74LS47 74LS47 74LS47

g f e d c b a BI/RBO g f e d c b a BI/RBO g f e d c b a BI/RBO g f e d c b a BI/RBO
1 0 0
Decimal Blanked Blanked

point
•Let’s solve some more examples of
Combinational Logic Circuits.
•Last one was?
Example 1
• Design a logic circuit with four input variables (W, X,Y&Z). The
output of the circuit will be “High” only if it’s any two or more than
two of inputs are high.
• Steps: Truth Table, SOP/POS simplification, Equation, Circuit.
Example 2
• Design a Hexadecimal to 7-Segment Decoder which displays 0, 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, b, C, d, E & F.
• Steps: Truth Table, POS simplification for seven outputs, Equation,

Circuit.
Example 3
• The bit combinations assigned to the BCD and excess-3 codes are
listed in following table.
• Don’t Care condition will be applicable on 10 to 15 input numbers.
• Steps needed. Truth Table for four variables, SOP simplification
through K map, Equation and diagram
Example 4
• A committee of three individuals decide issues for an organization.
Each individual votes either yes or no for each proposal that arises.
A proposal is passed if it receives at least two yes votes. Design a
circuit that determines whether a proposal passes.
• Steps needed: Truth Table for three variables, SOP simplification

through K map, Equation and circuit
Think some more?
• 2’s Complement?
• Table of 2 or any other number?
• Any more ideas from your side???
Functions of
Combinational
• Logic
Applications of Combinational
Logic

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Digital Logic

DLD by Dr. Muhammad Taha 4

Recall from Boolean algebra that double inversion cancels.

DLD by Dr. Muhammad Taha 7

Again, the logic is easy to read if you cancel the two

DLD by Dr. Muhammad Taha 9

DLD by Dr. Muhammad Taha 10

DLD by Dr. Muhammad Taha 11

DLD by Dr. Muhammad Taha 12

Here the 7447A is an connected to an LED seven segment

The 74LS47 features leading zero suppression, which

RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1

74LS47 74LS47 74LS47 74LS47

Blanked Blanked Depending on the display type, current

RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1 RBI LT 8 4 2 1

74LS47 74LS47 74LS47 74LS47

Decimal Blanked Blanked

•Last one was?

• Steps: Truth Table, SOP/POS simplification, Equation, Circuit.

• Steps: Truth Table, POS simplification for seven outputs, Equation,

• Steps needed: Truth Table for three variables, SOP simplification

DLD by Dr. Muhammad Taha 32

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