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Engine Oil Classification - Dec 2003
Engine Oil Classification - Dec 2003
• Dynamic
• Global
• Complex
OUTLINE
• Evolution of engine oil quality levels
• Industry associations
• Timeline
• API engine oil classification system
• American Chemistry Council (ACC) Code of Practice
• API Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System (EOLCS)
• Current engine test requirements and future trends
• Worldwide engine oil classification
HOW AN ENGINE OIL IS DEVELOPED
ASTM API
• Defines test • Develops user
procedures language
• Defines • Educates consumer
performance • Gives lubricant
targets licenses
• Monitors test • Monitors aftermarket
performance
TIMELINE
• 1911 SAE viscosity classification system
• Early 1950’s API introduces ML,MM,MS (gasoline) and DG, DM, DS (diesel)
classification system
• Mid 1960’s Introduction of the Sequence Tests
• ~1960-1980 Mil-L-46152 and Mil-L 2104 (US military specs) are a major
influence to oil quality worldwide
• 1970 Tripartite introduces the present engine oil classification system
• 1983 API Service Symbol introduced and API begins issuing licenses
• 1990 CMA (ACC) panel develops Code of Practice
• 1992 ACC (American Chemistry Council) Code of Practice implemented
• 1993 EOLCS (Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System)
• 2001 ILSAC GF-3
• 2002 API CI-4
API ENGINE OIL
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
OBSOLETE CI-4
CURRENT CH-4
CD/CF-2
SL ???
CD CD-II/CE SJ
CC SH
CB SG
CA SF
SE
SD
SC
SA/SB Passenger Car
“Donut” “Starburst”
EOLCS - LICENSING PROCEDURE
• Marketer responsible for product performance
• Certification that product meets requirements
– Each brand
– Each viscosity grade
• API base oil interchangeability guidelines
• API engine oil viscosity grade read-across guidelines
• Bench/chemical/physical property disclosure
• Agreement to audit
• Fees
ILSAC
• International Lubricant Standardization and Approval
Committee
• Led by AAMA in conjunction with JAMA
– Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
– Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association
• Members include:
General Motors Ford DaimlerChrysler Honda
Isuzu Toyota Nissan Mazda
Mitsubishi Subaru
• Develop and issue passenger car engine oil performance
standards
– GF-1, GF-2, GF-3
• ILSAC Certification Marks are licensed by API
CURRENT PASSENGER CAR ENGINE
OIL QUALITY- ILSAC GF-3
Lubricant Engine
Property Test Description
Rust inhibition BRT Bench Test
Oxidation control IIIF GM 3.8L V-6
Sludge and VG Ford 4.6L 8 cylinder
varnish control
Wear control IVA/IIIF As above + Nissan KA 24
2.4L SOHC
Bearing corrosion VIII Single cylinder CLR 4.6L
resistance V-8 gasoline engine
Fuel economy VIB Ford 4.6L V-8 SOHC
Reasons for Developing API SL and ILSAC GF-3
Improved Emissions
P < 0.1 Lower ZDDP P < 0.08
45 mg to 25-35 mg
TEOST MHT Improved Deposits TEOST MHT
Lubricant Multi-Engine
Property Test Description
Ring and liner wear Mack T-10 Multicylinder turbocharged EGR diesel
Valvetrain wear
Sludge/Filter Pressure M-11 EGR Multicylinder turbocharged EGR diesel
Piston deposit CAT 1R Single cylinder diesel without EGR
50
API CH-4
40
KV 100
Dispersant
Technology
30
20
10 API CI-4
Dispersant
0 Technology
0 100 200 300 400 500
Hours
EELQMS
• Pulls them all together
ACEA
• Association des Constructeurs Européens
d’Automobiles
• Now includes Ford, GM, Volvo, Saab-Scania
• Issues new lubricant sequences
• No direct quality monitoring, logos or approvals
• Requires oils to be developed using European
Engine Lubricant Quality Monitoring System
(EELQMS)
• Formerly called CCMC (Committee of Common
Market Automobile Constructors)
ACEA SEQUENCES
• Gasoline engines
– A1 Low viscosity, fuel economy
– A2 Conventional viscosity
– A3 Stable oil for high performance engines
– A4 Reserved for gasoline direct injection engines
– A5 Stable oil for high performance engines and extended drains
• Light duty diesel
– B1 Low viscosity, fuel economy
– B2 Conventional viscosity
– B3 As B2 but more severe on wear and soot control
– B4 For direct injected engine
– B5 Stable stay-in-grade oil suitable for extended drains
• Heavy duty diesel
– E2 Approximately MB p228.1 level
– E3 Approximately MB p228.3 level
– E4 Approximately MB p228.5 level
– E5 Approximately MB p228.3* / API CH-4 (less Caterpillar 1P)
• Quality system (EELQMS) requires use of ATIEL/ATC/ACC codes
• Mercedes-Benz
– p. 229.1 (for old engines with drain interval up to 15 KKm)
– p. 229.3 (new engines and interval: 15KKm)
– p. 229.5 (long drain: 20KKm)
• Industry Links
• Worldwide Testing Organizations
• European Governing Bodies
• European and Japanese Engine Tests
INDUSTRY LINKS
• ACC: http://www.americanchemistry.com
• ACC Code: www.americanchemistry.com/affiliate
• API: http://API-ep.API.org
• ASTM: www.astm.org
• SAE: www.sae.org
• ATC: http://www.atc-erc.com
• ATC Code: http://www.atc-erc.com/2002code/e-Code.htm
• ATIEL: www.atiel.org
• ATIEL Code: http://www.atiel.org/codes_of_practice.asp
• ACEA: www.acea.be
• ACEA Sequences:
http://www.acea.be/acea/20020618PublicationsOilSequences.pdf
• JASO: www.jalos.or.ip
TESTING ORGANIZATIONS
• US
– ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
• Europe
– CEC Coordinating European Council for the
Development of Performance Tests for
Transportation Fuels, Lubricants and other
Fluids
– IP Institute of Petroleum, UK
• Standards organizations
– ISO International Standards Organisation
– CEN Centre Européen De Normalisation
– BSI British Standards Institute
– DIN Deutsches Institut Für Normung
– ANSI Amercial National Standards Institute
– AFNOR Association Français De Normalisation
– JASO Japanese Standards Organisation
ATC
Gasoline
• Valve train wear Nissan KA24E
Diesel
Mitsubishi 4D34T4
• Valve train wear
Nissan Diesel TD25
• High temperature piston deposit
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