Unani Medicine Processing In

Dawakhana Tibbiya College

Iqtidar Ahmad
19CHB087
GL7697
B.Tech. Chemical Engineering
CHC4910: Industrial Visit/Training
UNANI MEDICINE
 Unani system originated with Hippocrates and his followers in Greece.

 The Unani System of Medicine has a long and impressive record in India.

 Hakim Ajmal Khan is UNANI physician but also one of the foremost freedom
fighters in the country. He established an Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia
Dawakhana - College and Hindustani a pharmaceutical company - for
Ayurvedic and Unani medicine in Delhi in 1916.

 As per W.H.O report a few years back, nearly 80% of the world population still
relies upon traditional system of Medicines mainly plant based.

 Today the Unani system of medicine with hospitals and educational and
research institutions, forms an integral part of the national health care
delivery system.
DAWAKHANA TIBBIYA COLLEGE

 Dawakhana Tibbiya College, Aligarh Muslim University was established in

1950 and transformed into a centre of excellence in providing quality Unani
Medicine as per the ideals and objectives laid down by then Vice-Chancellor
and former President of India Late Janab Dr Zakir Husain Saheb.
 Now Dawakhana has been transformed into a full-fledged manufacturing unit
of Unani Medicines, where a blend of old and new techniques are utilized to
produce more than 500 high-quality medicines for various diseases.
 Strict high standards of hygiene and quality are maintained with special care
in selecting the pure ingredients for its products.
Raw Materials
 

 Drugs are of vegetables (botonical), mineral and animal origin.

 Vegetable Drug: The vegetable drugs comprises of leaves, roots, seeds, branches,
flowers, gums and all other plant parts.

 Animal origin: Animal byproducts like ghee, milk, honey etc are inevitable for most of
the Unani medicines.

 Metals &Minerals: Different types of metals & minerals like Gold, Silver, different
types of salts etc are used in the products after doing purification.
Availability of Raw Materials

 The markets of adjacent cities like Aligarh, Agra, Hathras, Delhi, Lucknow,
Kannauj, Kasganj, Amritsar, Sambhal, and Indore are where the raw materials
are bought.
 On the same, there are neither price nor distribution restrictions. They could
be produced natively and, in cases of large purchases, can be obtained
straight from the makers.
 The rates of various raw materials are diverse and fluctuate when it comes to
the cost of raw materials.
 There are around 360 types of raw materials used in this plant.
Drug Formulation

 Type of compound Drug Formulations used in Unani System of Medicine:

 1. Solid formulations: Powder, tablets and pills etc.

 2. Semi Solid formulations: Electuaries, Aperients, Jwarishat, Khamerajat etc.

 3. Liquid formulations: Syrups, decoctions, linctuses, eye and nasal drops etc.

 4. Gaseous formulations: Snuffs, Shamoom, notukh, lakhlakha etc.

 Production of Joshanda
 Ingredients of Dawakhana Tibbiya Joshanda

Viola odorata (Gul Banafsha), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Mulethi),

Borago officinalis (Gaozaban), Althaea officinalis (Khatmi), Malva
sylvestris (Khubbazi), Cordia latifolia (Sapistan), Zizyphus jujuba Mini Jaw Crusher
(Unnab) in equal ratio.

 Drugs were thoroughly cleaned and crushed in mini jaw crusher

before soaking in the water.

 Ratio of drug and water (1:4) was taken.

 Soaked in water for overnight in the stainless steel pot.

 In the morning mixture was put in a boiler at moderate temperature

(80-90 C) till the volume of water became half.

 The concentration was measured by refractometer (at 67-69 unit). Boiler

Production of Arq-E-Ushba (Distillate)

 Definition: Arq-e-Ushba (blood purifier) is a liquid preparation obtained by

distillation of ingredients in the formulation composition given below:

 Formulation composition:

 1. Chobchini Smilax china Root

 2. Ushba Maghrabi Smilax aristolochiaefolia Root

 3. Anantmool Hemidesmus indicus Root

 4. Aab Sadah Purified water Liquid

Method of Preparation
 All the ingredients were taken of pharmacopoeial quality.

 The ingredients were cleaned and dried under shade.

 The ingredients were crushed in an iron mortar to obtain coarse powder.

 The coarse powder was soaked in water overnight.

 The soaked material was transferred along with water into steam distillation
unit.

 Distil the soaked material at boiling temperature to get Arq (Distillate).

 Stored in a cool and dry place in tightly closed containers. Steam Distillation
Jawarish Kamooni
Jawarish-e-Kamooni is a semi-solid preparation brown colour, sweetish bitter
taste and having characteristic odour.

Formulation composition:

 1. Zeera Siyah Carum carvi Fruit

 2. Barg-e-Sudab Ruta graveolens Leaf

 3. Filfil Siyah Piper nigrum Fruit

 4. Zanjabeel Zingiber officinale Rhizome

 5. Bura-e-Armani Silicates of alumina & Iron oxide Crystal

 6. Qand Safaid Sugar Crystal

Method of preparation
 All the ingredients were taken of pharmacopoeial quality.

 Ingredients number 1 to 5 cleaned, dried and grinded separately and sieve

Grinder
through mesh number 80.

 Sugar was dissolved in water on slow heat.

 The content was boiled and 0.1% citric acid was added, mixed powders of
ingredients number 1 to 5 were added and mix thoroughly in mixer at 90-95
C, 90 rpm for 3 hr..

 Homogenous product was prepared and allowed to cool.

 Stored in a cool and dry place in tightly closed containers protected from light
and moisture.
Mixer
Tablet section
Raw Materials:

 1. Tabasheer (Siliceous concretions) Seed Active drug

 2. Gule Surkh (Rosa damascena) Flower Active drug

 3. Gulnar (Punica granatum) Flower Active drug

 4. Gile Armani (Armenian bole) Seeds Active drug

 5. Tukhme Kahu (Lactuca sativa) Seeds Active drug

 6. Gum Acacia Binder

 7. Water (filtered / R.O.) For making Loab / lubdi (wet massing)

 8. Magnesium carbonate Glidant

 9. Liquid paraffin Lubricant

Method of Preparation
 Powdering and sifting/sieving ingredients :- Tabasheer, Gule Surkh, Gulnar
and Gile Armani, were powdered separately by using super mixer-grinder.
Sieve no. 80, 100 and 120 were used for Sieving of powders.
 Procedure of wet grinding :- Tukhme Kahu was taken and dried in sun for
some time and then pound in iron mortar, then the drug was put in wet
Super Mixer Grinder
grinder with water for 6 hr.
 This wet finely grinded mass was then passed by the help of powder wiper
through 100 no. mesh sieve, this mass was dried first in hot air oven at up
to 60 C for 2 hrs then dried in shade under the fan for 36 hrs.
 This dried mass was then put in mixer- grinder for few minute; the powder
obtained was again passed through 100 no. mesh size. This sieved powder
was then preserved in air tight container.

Hot Air Oven

 Preparation of binder solution: Three binders, water, corn starch and gum
acacia were taken in 10%, 15%, and 20% of the total w.t. of powder. Mucilage
or loab (binder solution / Loabe Samaghe Arabi) was prepared with binder:
water (filtered/R.O.) 4: 6 w/w.
 Weighing of powdered drug and mixing:- All drugs powder were taken in
equal quantity as mention in the formulation and weighing of powdered drug
is done by digital weighing machine. This separately powdered and weighed
drug was mixed properly in mixer grinder.
 Preparation of lubdi (Wet massing): Lubdi was prepared by adding binder
solution to previously mixed powder drug material with suitable amount of
water and then this mass was put in mixer grinder for proper mixing of binder.
 Preparation of Granules / Screening: 16 no. mesh sized granules were
prepared of obtained material by using oscillating granulation machine, GMP
model (Cemach machinery Ltd., Ahmadabad SN. 1417). Size of the granulator
screen (mesh size) was decided as per diameter of punches i.e. Tablet up to
7/32 to 5/16 inch in diameter - 16 mesh for granules.
 Drying of granules: Prepared Granules were dried for 30 minutes and 60
minutes at 60°C for all batches in hot air oven.
 Compression: In this step blend of dried
granules, lubricant and glidant were
subjected to compression by multi-station
rotary presses. (Tableting machine) GMP
model (Cemach machinery Ltd. Mod. No.
CM-D-20) at 6 Tone pressure for all batches,
and calibrated to the weight of tablet
approximately for 800 mg/tablet.
 Drying of tablets: Prepared tablets were dried Multi Station Rotary Press
for 30 minutes at 60°C for all batches in drier
(Tray drier) (GMP model) (Pharmac, mod. No.
24) for removing additional moisture if any,
and are then kept in airtight container.

Tray Drier
Packaging Section

 Method of Applying a Label

 Hot Melts A simple method of applying a label to a package is with a pasting
out board. Glue is put on the board with a brush and the labels are laid face
up on the glue. They are manually removed and placed on the containers.
 Semi Automatic Labelling With this method the operator places the container
in position and the machine applies the label. The speed of the operation is
usually dependent upon how fast the operator can remove the container and
put a new one in its place. About 3600 per hour is the maximum ideal
condition.
 Fully Automatic Labelling Glue is applied to the bottle by a rubber pad, often Labelling Machine
which the label paper of labelling. Bottle and back again leaving a label
adhering to the bottle, pressure station complete the operation of labeling.
 Semi Automatic Syrup filling machine: These machines are high precision &
reliable machines used to fill bottles, cartridges and other related containers.
Filling is done with the help of rotary piston pumps. These machines require
manual operators for loading the syrup in to the machine which are then filled
& capped automatically. Applications include oral dosage syringe& dental gels.

Semi Automatic Syrup filling machine

Labelling Machine

 Fully Automatic Labeling machine is useful to place label accurately on round

shape of product.
 Full /partial wrap labeling can be possible. A unique feature of machine is if
the body diameters changes, than also machine operates without change
part.
 Labeling speed is automatically synchronized with conveyor speed to ensure
quality.

Labelling Machine
Printing Machine.
 This machine is suitable for printing labels, batch number, validity time and
series numbers on the surface of cartons, tissue paper, non-ferrous plastic
film and aluminum film. No matter with the dry-ink roller or instant liquid ink,
it has the features of instant printing and instant drying, and strong adhesion.

Printing Machine
Containers and Storage Section

 There is a suitable setup apart from the production processes in factories

where operations involving the usage of containers like glass bottles, vials,
and jars are undertaken.
 This includes space for washing, cleaning, and drying the containers. Storage
facilities have adequate ventilation and dry.
 It offers independent, sufficient room for the storage of various materials,
including raw materials, packaging materials, and finished goods.
Thank YOU !!!