e GE Power Controls

Moulded case circuit breakers

Operation/Application
Rec ord P lu s

Traini ng module 1 ed.1 b

 Record Plus T M

The basics

Circuit-breaker (IEV 441-4-20)

A mechanical switching device, capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under
MCCB

normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specified time and breaking
currents under sepcified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit.

Moulded-case circuit-breaker (IEV 441-14-24)

g
A circuit-breaker having a supporting housing of moulded insulating material forming an
intergral part of the circuit breaker
Record
UE :690V Ith =Ie :250A EN60947-3
Ic U :30kA VDE
Ic S ;30kA UTE

Current-Limiting circuit-breaker (IEV 441-14-21)

Type B DB3
A circuit-breaker with a break time short enough to prevent the short circuit reaching its
otherwise attainable peak value.

Air circuit-breaker (IEV 441-14-27)

e A circuit-breaker in which the contacts open and close in air at atmospheric pressure.
S1600
O
RESET Spectronic
Ic u Ic s Ic w
RV23 In 1600A

l
Ic u Ic s Ic w Ic u Ic s Ic w

Ic u Ic s Ic w
0 ,5 2 O FF 0 ,2 5
3 2 0 ,3
Ic u Ic s Ic w 0 ,6

Ic u Ic s Ic w Pic k u p 0 ,7 4 3 0 ,4

SE UIL 0 ,8 6 5 0 ,5
Ic u Ic s Ic w
1 0 ,9 8 1 0 8 0 ,6
1 0 0 ,7
Ic u Ic s Ic w
Im = x If= x In
Ir= In Irm = x Ir

Ic u Ic s Ic w

Ic u Ic s Ic w Ic u Ic s Ic w De la y 0 ,0 5
0 ,1
5 0 ,2
t(s )
0 ,3
15 0 ,2

R e ta rd 4 0 0 ,3 0 ,4
0 ,5

I > I >> I

t(s )

O t(s )

T ES T
t(s )

0 0 ImIM 0
Ir6 .Ir If

A M P S( A ) L O CAL CO N TRO L

A UT O M ANU AL OF F ON

I1 I2 I3

F AU LTS

M on i t o r i ngf unc t i o n
0 ,7
0 ,6 0 ,8

Pic k u p 0 ,5 0 ,9

SE UIL 1 O VER L OA D

g
S tro o m S tro o m

GEPow e rControls
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 Record Plus T M

Product Background

1930's and 40's 1950's and 60's

Designed in the United States
History

Product appears in Europe

..............Licenses sold for manufacturing
A "Fuse Replacer"
..............Moulded Case Circuit breaker.
Typical US dimensions
...............................E, F, J and K frame.
....Based on licenses sold for manufacturing
A "Fuse Replacer"
..............Moulded Case Circuit breaker.
Typical US dimensions
...............................E, F, J and K frame.
The first Global/European standard
...........................................IEC 157-1

1970's and 80's 1990's till now

Licenses Expire Electronic breaker types appear
.........New "European generation appear" ..................2nd generation types RMS
A Protective device...safe....cost saving Protective and Switching device
IEC 364 standard has massive impact. .................More use as motor Protectotor.
.......................................Circuit breaker. 3rd generation introduced
Typical manufacturer dimensions ........Coordination and use within a system.
.......................Lead in Italy and France. New IEC 947-1 thru 5 standard

g
.......................Product comes of age.

GEPow e rControls
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 Record Plus T M

The basics

Present day moulded-case circuit-breakers

MCCB

Make, carry for a specific time and break currents Can be used for isolation purposes
under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as
those of short circuit.

Is equipped with an overload protection

In most cases manually operated

Is equipped with an short circuit protection

Have a break time short enough to prevent the

short circuit reaching its otherwise attainable peak
value...(Are current limiting)

Are no longer made of thermoset

materials but, (at least partially) from
thermoplasts. e SP ECTRA
EN160
Disj on c t e u r
1 ON

Are available with electronic trip units

Ci r c u it b r e a k e r

g
Le i stu n gssc h a lt er ICU50k A/415V
Ve r m oge n s c h a k e l a ar ICU50k A/415V
ICU50k A/415V
ICU50k A/415V

0 OFF
E3A 160/ 160
;;;;;';;;;;''
'
;;;;;';;;;;''
'

GEPow e rControls
O ne Teamcom mi t ed t ocus tom er s a
" t i sf acti on" M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
 Record Plus T M

How it works

Construction of a modern
moulded case circuit breaker Toggle operator
MCCB

Moulded case
Trip unit with Trip bar (1 or 2)
* Overload protection
* Short Circuit protection Arc quenching (chutes)
Mechanism designed for
isolation purposes
Latching system
(Heart of the breaker) Contact arm(s), with
arcing and main contact
'Dead' magnetic mat.
Contact shaft
Connection area Current limiting Connection area
contact construction
Important ..take aways
Contacts will always BLOW OPEN. Possible additions
Is safe to use (insulated). Slot Motor
Gas emmiting plastics
Has integrated self protection.
Is an isolating device.

g
Has limited short circuit
capabilities.
GEPow e rControls
O ne Teamcom mi t ed t ocus tom er s a
" t i sf acti on" M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
GE NEW mccb's Record Plus T M

How it works

Record Plus To ggle operator

Moulded case
moulded case circuit breaker
Mechanism designed for
isolation purposes
Trip unit with Trip bar (1 or 2)
* Overload protection
* Short Circuit protection
Arc quenching (chutes)
Slot Motor
Arc quenching (chutes) Gas emmiting
Slot Motor Contact arm(s), with plastics
Gas emmiting DOUBLE arcing and
plastics main contact
Current limiting Current limiting
contact construction contact construction
Connection area Connection area

Important ..take aways

Contacts will always BLOW OPEN.
Is safe to use (insulated).
Has integrated self protection.
Is an isolating device.

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Will interrupt VERY high short circuits.
Has excellent short circuit limiting capabilities.
M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
 Record Plus T M

The standards
The standards

I.E.C = International Electrotechnical commission

Is responsible for global standards in all electrotechnical areas.

CENELEC = European committee for electrotechnical standardization.

Is responsible for European standardization and for the harmonization of all
European standards. IEC standards are preferred, these then become EN or HD
documents. (They can and will write their own standards.... Low Voltage Directive)

NEC = National Electrotechnical commissions.

Are responsible for national standardization. All members (18 countries) are
obliged to harmonize their national standards based on CENELEC HD & EN
documents. (Within a time frame)

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 Record Plus T M

The standards
The standards

I.E.C 364 = Standard for electrotechnical installations

CENELEC - Harmonized document HD 384

Is the key standard in the use of our products.
Prescribes and defines the use of products to the following standards:

EN 60 898 EN 60 947- 2 EN 60 947-3 EN 60 439-1/4

Groepenkast

g UE : 690V Ith =Ie : 250A

Record IP-41

I EN 60947-3
Ic U : 30kA
30 0 0 A VDE
Ic S ; 30kA UTE
B32
23 0V
Made in Bel gium O

Se r i1 e E

SERIES C SERIES C SERIES C SERIES C SERIES C SERIESC SERIESC SERIES C SERIES C SERIESC SERIESC DIFF-O-JUMP
TEST
09 9 /0 1 32 32 -0 0 0

KEMA
EUR
KEUERM A
KEEUMR A KEEUMR A KEEUMR A KEEMA
UR KEEMA
UR KEUERM A KEEMURA KEUERM A KEEUMR A KEUR
EMA
KEEMA
UR

Type B DB3

g
Holland NEN 1010 ed.5
France NFC 15.100
GEPow e rControls Germany VDE 0113
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 Record Plus T M

Application
Application

The network
A Protective device CENELEC
Characteristics determined by Other Harmonized
it's environment documents

e SP ECTRA
EN16 0
Dis jo nc t eu r
1
Cir cu it br ea ke r
ON
Le is t u ngs s c ha lt e r ICU50k A/ 415V
Ve r m o ge n s ch a ke la a r ICU50k A/ 415V
ICU50k A/ 415V
ICU50k A/ 415V

0 OFF
E3A 16 0/ 16 0
;;;;;''
;;;;;''
;;;;;''
;;;;;''

CENELEC
HD 384

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The user
M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
 Record Plus T M

Application

A protection device is placed in a circuit connecting the network and the

Application

equipment being supplied.

It switches, disconnects en protects the connected circuit

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 Record Plus T M

Line protection
Line Protection

Overview of cable protection. (Base EN 60 287 and HD 384 )

Temperature withstand of a cable/ wiring

1,000.00

100.00
Overload

10.00

1.00 Weakest short circuit

Time

0.10

Highest porspective
0.01
short circuit
0.00

0.00
10 1,000 100,000
100 10,000 1,000,000

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Current

M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001

 Record Plus T M

Protection against overloads

MCCB component Component operation

Overloads

T.ime
B IM ETAL
1 hour

1 min.

1 sec.

0,1 sec.

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1 1,13 1,45 3 5 10 20 Current x In
M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
 Record Plus T M

Line overload curve

Line overload curve

Overload line, heat is still dissipated..valid down to 5 seconds

Temperature withstand graph

10,000

1,000

Tables 52A-H (NEN 1010 ed.5)

Time

100

10

1
10 1,000
100

Current

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 Record Plus T M

Line overload curve

Line overload curve

Protection of lines against overloads.

Cable cross section determination

Circuit Breaker to IEC 947-2

Table 52C 3 core load Fuse to IEC 269
450
420
390
360
IB in A 330
300
270
240
210
180
150
120
90
60
30
1,5 2,5 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 95 120 150 185

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VmYk, cross section in mm²
M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
 Record Plus T M
Weakest short circuit

Protection against the 'weakest' short circuit

Short circuit.. heat is not dissipated..valid from 0.1 to 5 seconds Energy withstand of cable/wiring.
The time it takes to break the fault..
The fault level.
K 2S 2 /t
Temperature withstand of a cable
10

I = (k x S)
t
Time

0
1,000
10,000
Current

g GEPow e rControls
O ne Teamcom mi t ed t ocus tom er s a
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Weakest short circuit Record Plus T M

Protection against the 'weakest' short circuit

What should happen

The protective device must trip before the energy level in the cable/wiring gets
to high.
A combination of current, tripping time and energy levels

What can go wrong

If the line is to long the total resistance
of the circuit will prevent the current
3000A
B3 2
23 0V
Ma de in Be lgiu m O
I

reaching a level sufficient to operate the

protective device (I = U/R).
Se r i1 e E

099/0 13232-000

KEMA
EUR

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Short Circuit
M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
Weakest short circuit Record Plus T M

Protection against the 'weakest' short circuit

MCCB component Component operation

T.ime
BIMETAL
1 hour

ELECTROMAGNET

1 min.

1 sec.

0,1 sec.

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1 1,13 1,45 3 5 10 20 Current x In

M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001

 Record Plus T M

Protection against prospective short circuits...thermal withstand

Thermal withstand

Short circuit.. heat is not dissipated ..valid below 0.1 seconds

Emphasis moves from current and time values to energy values
Energy let through of protective device

Temperature withstand of a cable/wiring

0.100
2 2 2
Energy withstand of cable/wiring
KS >I t
0.010
Time

0.001

0.000
10,000 1,000,000
100,000
Current

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Energy let-thru diagrams Record Plus T M

Energy let thru diagrams, use

General
Indicates the amount of energy a protective device lets thru by different porspective short circuit current levels.
Is recommended for determination of thermal withstand of conductors and protected equipment.

Thermal stress at 400/415V

1000000
6
FE 250
10 FE 160
FD 160
FD 63 40 - 63A
FD63 25 and 32A

4 mm 2 PVC

FD63 16 and 20A

2,5 mm 2 XLPE
5
100000
10
A2S

4
10

g
10000
2 I [kA rms] 200
1 10 100 1000
GEPow e rControls
O ne Teamcom mi t ed t ocus tom er s a
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 Record Plus T M

Protection against prospective short circuits...thermal withstand

Thermal withstand

MCCB component Component operation

T.ime
BIMETAL
1 hour

ELECTROMAGNET

1 min.

1 sec.
CURRENT LIMIITING

I F 0,1 sec.
a
l

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1 1,13 1,45 3 5 10 20 Current x In

M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001

 Record Plus T M

Line protection with MCCB's

Line Protection

MCCB component Component operation

Time
BIMETAL
1 hour
Thermal properties of line
compared to the protection
element in the device
See back up files of
catalogue section C.
ELECTROMAGNET Refer to local standards
(minor local differences)

1 min.

Adjustability is Energy withstand of cable/wiring.

an advantage The time it takes to break the fault..
The fault level.
See back up files of catalogue section C.
1 sec.
CURRENT LIMITING Does not appear in all local regulations

I F 0,1 sec.
a
Low values an Energy let through of
l

I advantage protective device

See catalogue section C.

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1 1,13 1,45 3 5 10 20 Current x In

M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001

Protection of Personnel Record Plus T M

Protection of Personnel

Direct contact
Prevention of injury by limiting the current flowing
through the " human" body . (direct contact)

Pan European solution

Residual current devices of 30mA with
complementary earthing, or of 10mA without
earthing.
Differential Actuator
relay/switch IdN=
10mA.....
With
Earthing...30mA

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 Record Plus T M
Protection of Personnel

Protection of Personnel
Indirect contact
Prevention of injury by limiting the touch voltage
and/or it's duration. (indirect contact)

Solution

?
Depends on the local network (earthing system).
A large number of different local solutions .
(local habits play a major role)

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 Record Plus T M

Protection against indirect contact

Indirect contact

The basics

Table 41A
Time in seconds
100

10
5 second point
Touch voltage 50V (dry)
1
Touch voltage 25V (humid)

0
10 1,000
25 50 100

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Tension "volts"

M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001

 Record Plus T M

Protection against indirect contact

Indirect contact

Practise.

The breaker MUST disconnect the circuit before the voltage

PHASE-EARTH reaches unallowable levels for a set period of time.

What can go wrong

Somebody touching the frame or
chassis metal equipment could be in
for tense times .

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Fault to Earth
M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
 Record Plus T M

Protection against indirect contact

Indirect contact

TN network

Zs1 Protection device

L1
Id Id
PEN con n e ction
Zs3
N
Low volta ge Zs2
PE
L2
Id Id
L3

Uo Requirements to meet UL levels (50 + 25V)

Id = Uo / (Zs1+Zs2+Zs3) =Fault current
Zs x Id <= Uo
Network voltage Maximum disconnecting
Touch voltage UL
Phase-Neutral U0 time (AC system)
127 V 0.8 sec.
230 V 0.4 sec.
400 V 0.2 sec.

g GEPow e rControls
Central earthing
O ne Teamcom mi t ed t ocus tom er s a
"
>400 V

t i sf acti on"
0.1 sec.

M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001

 Record Plus T M

Protection against indirect contact

Indirect contact

TT network

Rphase =RL1 Protection Device

L1
Id

0
Lo w Vo lt a ge
Id
L2
Id
L3
Requirements to meet
Uo
UL levels (50+25V)
RA = UL/ Ia/Id or Idn.
Id = Uo /(RL1+RA+RB) Id
Touch voltage UL

Id RA
RB To uch Examples of RA value based on :

g
Voltage UL Idn 300mA Idn 1A Idn 3A IA =200A IA = 500A
25V     
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50V   
M. H.M.S. 
Thomas June 2001
 Record Plus T M

Protection against indirect contact

Indirect contact

IT network
Protection device
L1
Uo
Un
N
Lo w vo lt a ge
L2

L3
Hi va lu e Requirements to meet standards
Re s is t o r
-OR- Network voltage Maximum disconnecting
Phase-Neutral U0 / time (AC system)
NO
Phase-Phase Un No neutral dsitributed Neutral distributed
c o n n e c t io n
127/230 V 0.8 sec. 5 sec.
230/400 V 0.4 sec. 0.8 sec.
400/690 V 0.2 sec. 0.4 sec.

g GEPow e rControls
O ne Teamcom mi t ed t ocus tom er s a
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 Record Plus T M

Protection against indirect contact

Indirect contact

IT network
Protection device
L1
Uo
Un
N
Lo w vo lt a ge
L2

L3
Hi va lu e On first fault ; becomes a TT or TN network.
Re s is t o r
-OR-
On second fault a touch voltage appears.
NO
c o n n e c t io n
On a 2nd insulation fault the protective device can be required to interrupt Touch voltage UL
the full fault current in a circuit with a voltage equal to the phase to phase
value Un. The reqirements for interrupting this single phase fault are no
included in the EN 60947 ( appendix H).

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 Record Plus T M

Line protection with MCCB's

Line Protection

Synopsis
A breaker must protect against :
Overloads (Bimetal or equivalent) .....adjustability is an advantage.
Low short circuit currents by tripping on the weakest short circuit value,( electromagnet or equivalent)
..adjustability is an advantage.
Thermal stress in conductors (current limitation..the higher the better)
Indirect contact. by tripping on fault currents..(electromagnet or equivalent)..adjustability is an advantage.

Practice
The overload protection device (bimetal) determines the lines cross section.

The short circuit protection device (electromagnet) determines the lines length and can indirectly
determine its cross section.

The current limiting properties of the protection device CAN have a limiting influence on the lines cross
section.

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Prospective short cicuits Record Plus T M

Protection against the highest prospective short circuit current .

The installed protection device must be capable of interrupting the highest prospective short
circuit at it's point of installation.

Protection device Four possible failure modes: Probability (market research)

L1

Phase to Phase fault >15 %

L2

Three phase fault <5%

L3

N
Phase to Earth fault
>80 %
Phase to Neutral fault
PE

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 Record Plus T M
Prospective short cicuits

Protection against the highest prospective short circuit current .

High Voltage Low Voltage Mains Distribution 50 meters Distribution L1

25...10/6kV 400/230V cable B 16 A F-N

4 x70 m m

250 A 2 50 A

1000A

TNC
6 30k VA 10 m e t e r s
Uk = 4% 7x1 TNCS
v= 2% 95 m m
2 50 MVA
Values Transform. Main panel Distribution panel
R in Milliohm 0.54 0.84 4.15
X in Milliohm 10.79 11.19 14.39
Z in Milliohm 10.8 11.22 14.98
Ik3 in kA 21.38 20.58 15.42
Ik1 in kA -- -- 10.06
Z f-N(Milliohm) -- -- 22.96

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Prospective short cicuits Record Plus T M

Protection against the highest prospective short circuit current .

Breaking capacity of a protective device

Breaking Capacity >= The highest prospective short circuit level (Icc or Ik)

EN 60 898 EN 60 947-2
Domestic Industrial
10000 Icu : 25kA
Ics : 100% or 25kA

Se r ie E I
Icu : 7 ,5k A
Ic s : 50%
B32 230V O

e
099/ 014632-000

g GEPow e rControls
O ne Teamcom mi t ed t ocus tom er s a
" t i sf acti on" M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
Prospective short cicuits Record Plus T M

The breaking capacity of MCCB's and MCB's.

The EN 60 947-2 industrial standard
Cycle O-t-CO Followed by a :
Dielectric test at 1000V Test of the tripping characteristics
The attained value is
Icu indicated on the product Icu = -- kA
Test Current Breaking time
t > 0,1 s
2,5 In
t < t at 2 x In
Cycle O-t-CO-t-CO Followed by a :
Dielectric test at 2 x Ui Test of the tripping characteristics
The attained value is Test Current Breaking time
Ics indicated on the product Ics = -- % Icu t < 1h (In < 63A)
1,45 In
t < 2h (In <>63A)

The EN 60 898 domestic standard (also mentions Ics)

Cycle O-t-CO Followed by a :
Dielectric test at 900V Test of the tripping characteristics
The attained value is 6000
Icn indicated on the product in Amps
Test Current
0,95 In
Breaking time
t > 1 hour

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1,6 In t < 1 hour
M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
 Record Plus T M
Prospective short cicuits

Protection against the highest prospective short circuit current .

Breaking Capacity >= The fault level at the point of installation

NEMA AB1 EN 60 947-2

Industrial Industrial
NEMA AB1 Icu : 25kA
240V 25kA Ics : 100% or 25kA
480V 18kA

e SPECTRA
EN1 6 0
1
Disjo n ct eu r
Cir cu it b r eak er ON
Leist u n gssch alt er ICU50k A/ 415V
Ver m o gen sch ak elaar ICU50k A/ 415V
ICU50k A/ 415V
ICU50k A/ 415V

0 OFF
E3 A
1 6 0 /1 6 0 ;;;;;'';;;;;''
;;;;;'';;;;;''

g GEPow e rControls
O ne Teamcom mi t ed t ocus tom er s a
" t i sf acti on" M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
Prospective short cicuits Record Plus T M

The breaking capacity of MCCB's and MCB's.

The EN 60 947-2 industrial standard
Cycle O-t-CO Followed by a :
Dielectric test at 1000V Test of the tripping characteristics
The attained value is
Icu indicated on the product Icu = -- kA
Test Current Breaking time
t > 0,1 s
2,5 In
t < t at 2 x In
Cycle O-t-CO-t-CO Followed by a :
Dielectric test at 2 x Ui
The attained value is Test Current Breaking time
Ics indicated on the product Ics = -- % Icu t < 1h (In < 63A)
1,45 In
t < 2h (In <>63A)
The NEMA AB1 industrial standard
Cycle O-t-CO Followed by a :
Dielectric test at 2 x Ui
The attained value is Test Current Breaking time
AB1 indicated on the product -- kA t > 0,1 s
2,5 In
t < t at 2 x In

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Prospective short circuits Record Plus T M

The breaking capacity of MCCB's and MCB's.

Synopsis
A short circuit breaking capacity of a breaker is determined by the network.
In most cases we tend to exaggerate. Power supplies and the dampening effect of the network result in
prospective short circuits that are generally lower than 20kA.
The most occurring fault is one that causes indirect contact or weakest short circuit current issues.
If a customer wants continuity offer him breakers with Ics ratings

Practice
Use Procera or the tables supplied as back-up data for the catalogue when short ratings are required.

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Coordination EN 60 947-II Record Plus T M

Coordination In accordance with EN 60 947-II

Coordination Incoming
The term covers the use of multiple circuit breakers (or a short circuit
protection device with breakers) associated in the same circuit, as regards
discrimination as well as back-up protection. C2

Discrimination (selectivity)
In case of a fault it is necessary that the device nearest to the fault (c1) reacts while
all others remain closed. This capability is called discrimination (UK) or selectivity
(USA). If this requirement is not met, a fault in one arm of the distribution system will
cause a number of upstream protection devices wired in series to trip.
C1

Back-up protection) Outgoing

One of the operational requirements for a protective device is that its rated short
circuit breaking capacity Icu or Ics is either equal or greater than the prospective short
circuit current at the point where it is installed. EN 60 384 defines one exception to this
in clause 434:
The upstream device (C2) must posses the necessary rated short circuit breaking
capacity at its point of installation. The upstream device (C2) must coordinate with the
downstream device(C1) in a manner that will limit the energy and short circuit values
to levels that the downstream device can handle.

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O ne Teamcom mi t ed t ocus tom er s a
" t i sf acti on" M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
Coordination EN 60 947-II Record Plus T M

Coordination In accordance with EN 60 947-II

Selectivity
In case of a fault it is necessary that the device nearest to the fault reacts while all others
remain closed. This capability is called discrimination (UK) or selectivity (USA). If this
requirement is not met, a fault (F) in one arm of the distribution system will cause a
number of upstream protection devices wired in series to trip. Thus a minor fault in a
socket outlet of a circuit can cause whole floors, buildings or building complexes to be cut
off from the power supply.

Selectivity can be 'FULL'

Up to the breaking capacity of C1
Selectivity can be 'Partial'
Up to a current level lower than the breaking capacity of C1
C2 C2
Incoming Incoming

C1 C1
Outgoing F Outgoing

Ove r c u r r e n t

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= Continuity of Power supply/Service
M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
Coordination EN 60 947-II Record Plus T M

Coordination In accordance with EN 60 947-II

Back-up protection
One of the operational requirements for a protective device is that its rated short
circuit breaking capacity Icu or Ics is either equal or greater than the prospective short
circuit current at the point where it is installed.

Transformer 630KVA
Icc = 22.1kA

C2 25kA
Incoming

Outgoing

C1
25kA 25kA 25kA 25kA 25kA 25kA

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O ne Teamcom mi t ed t ocus tom er s a
" t i sf acti on" M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
Coordination EN 60 947-II Record Plus T M

Coordination In accordance with EN 60 947-II

Back-up protection
One of the operational requirements for a protective device is that its rated short
circuit breaking capacity Icu or Ics is either equal or greater than the prospective short
circuit current at the point where it is installed.

EN 60 384 defines one exception to this in clause 434:

The upstream device (C2) must posses the necessary rated short
circuit breaking capacity at its point of installation. The upstream
device (C2) must coordinate with the downstream device(C1) in a Transformer 630KVA
manner that will limit the energy and short circuit values to levels Icc = 22.1kA
that the downstream device can handle.

Installing an upstream device that limits the prospective

C2 25kA
Incoming
short circuit values will enable the user to place a
downstream device with a lower breaking capacity. The
coordination between the two devices allows for an Outgoing
excellent breaking capacity at a lower cost.
C1
6kA 6kA 6kA 6kA 6kA 6kA

Se r ie E I
Icu : 7,5k A

g
I cs : 5 0 %

B32 230V
O

e
0 9 9/0 1 46 32 -0 0 0

GEPow e rControls
O ne Teamcom mi t ed t ocus tom er s a
" t i sf acti on" M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
Coordination EN 60 947-II Record Plus T M

Coordination In accordance with EN 60 947-II

Back-up protection
One of the operational requirements for a protective device is that its rated short
circuit breaking capacity Icu or Ics is either equal or greater than the prospective short
circuit current at the point where it is installed.

EN 60 384 defines one exception to this in clause 434:

The upstream device (C2) must posses the necessary rated short
circuit breaking capacity at its point of installation. The upstream
device (C2) must coordinate with the downstream device(C1) in a Transformer 630KVA
manner that will limit the energy and short circuit values to levels Icc = 22.1kA
that the downstream device can handle.

C2 C2 25kA
Installing an upstream device thatIncoming
limits the prospective
Incoming
short circuit values will enable the user to place a
downstream device with a lower breaking capacity. The
coordination between the two devices allows for an
Outgoing
excellent breaking capacity at a lower cost.
C1 C1
Se r ie E I

6kA 6kA 6kA 6kA 6kA 6kA 6kA 6kA 6kA 6kA 6kA 6kA
Icu : 7,5kA
I cs : 50%
B32 230V
O

e
0 9 9 /0 14 63 2 -0 00

Ove r c u r r e n t

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= NO continuity of Power supply/Service...Discrimination
M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
Coordination EN 60 947-II Record Plus T M

Coordination In accordance with EN 60 947-II

Synopsis
Covers discrimination (selectivity) and Back-up protection,
Combining discrimination and back-up protection is contradictory.
Discrimination can be partial...(if the values are low...not at all practical)
Back-up protection is referred to as association, series ratings etc.

Practice
Use Procera or the tables found in the catalogue when details are needed.

Use the IEC/EN terminology to avoid confusion.

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 Record Plus T M

Protecting motors
Protecting motors

General characteristics
In a motor a fault that causes a relatively small T.ime
overload can do a lot of damage. 1/2 hours
A muti-phase motor will be damaged if it is
operated without all phases connected.

The starting characteristics of a motor are such that

very high currents run in the circuit for up to
several minutes. (very high for a period of 4 to 30
1 min.
seconds)
The value and duration of these currents depend on
the motor design and how it is started. 10 sec.
(load/ no load conditions)
1 sec.

0,1 sec.
On connecting the motor to its power source very
high so called 'magnetisation' currents run
20 to 30 ms.
momentarily .

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1 1,05 1,25 3 5 7.2 10 20 x In
M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
 Record Plus T M

Protecting motors
Protecting motors

The protective device

The overload protection device must have a very
narrow band. Time
1.05 -1.25 x In. 1/2 hours
Line protection can work with 1.13 - 1.45 x In.

To allow for the different motor types and the

starting thereof, different classes have been
introduced:
1 min.
Class 10A 7.2 x In min. 2 sec. max. 10 sec.
Class 10 7.2 x In min. 4 sec. max. 10 sec. 30 sec.
Class 20 7.2 x In min 6 sec. max. 20 sec. 20 sec.
Class 30 7.2 x In min 9 sec. max. 30 sec. 10 sec.

Due to practical difficulties in starting motors with 1 sec.

more economical characteristics the short circuit
protection has been increased in nominal rating
(fuses) or in set value (breakers). 0,1 sec.
Past 8 to 12 x the nominal current. (eff.)
Present 13 to 15 x the nominal current (eff.)
20 to 30 ms.

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1 1,05 1,25 3 5 7.2 10 13 20 x In

M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001

 Record Plus T M

Coordination type II (EN 60 947-4)

Coordination type II

Motor starters Components needed Components needed

Conventional Fuseless
Protect against short circuit

Take care of AC rating, Good at switching

Isolate and switch locally load switches are not
very good at switching
high inrush currents.
Operate remotely
high inrush currents, no
AC issue. Not all breakers
can tackle the number of
operations.

Protect against overload If short circuit protection is Energy let through of breaker
Protect against phase loss a fuse, little risk of damage. can cause damage.
Phase loss element included. Phase loss element included.

Protect against blocked rotor Mostly done with separate relays. On use of Bimetals it is sometimes
Protect against over temperature assumed that the restart after overload is prevented. Take care on
electronics (thermal memory)
Protect against restart after overload

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" t i sf acti on" M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001
Coordination type II Record Plus T M

Coordination type II (EN 60 947-4)

Motor starters
Network defining highest prospective short circuit The standards require tests to define the coordination between the
devices within the motor starter. Depending on the state of the
Conventional Fuseless components after the test two coordination classes 1 and 2 have
been defined.
Coordination type 2 test sequence
Motor current Ie Test with current Short circuit test with current " Iq"
Class 10-30 (AC3) "r"
Ie <= 16A 1 kA This value which is generally <= 50kA is
16 < Ie <= 63A 3 kA used to check the coordination of the
63 < Ie <=125A 5 kA devices used in the motor starter circuit. :
125 < Ie <=315A 10 kA
315 < Ie <=630A 18 kA No or minor weldings of the contactors
after testing; contact seperation is
After this test the original simple and easy
Class 10 Class20/ 30 Class 10 Class20/ 30 characteristics of the contactor and
thermal relay MUST remain The switchgear and controlgear are fully
unchanged. operational after the test.

After this test the short circuit

protection must trip within 10ms at
a fault current >= 15 x In.

Motor(s) defining the starter characteristics

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Protecting other equipment Record Plus T M

Protecting other equipment

Generators/Alternators
Have specific characteristics.
Overload characteritics ...... In providing power they are relayively easy to overload need
specific protection curve (lower time curve)
Short Circuit characteristics....Can only provide high current levels of 2 - 4 x In for limted
periods...need specific protection (2 -4 x In).
Lighting
Many different kinds, power supply/converter units cause most issues.
Overload characteritics ...... Only an issue in some specific cases (Mercury/Sodium)
Short Circuit characteristics....Depending on the specific requirements of the lighting element
the power supply units produce harmonics, high inrush currents , spikes, residual fault
currents etc. For most freqeuntly occurring types tabels are being prepared.

Generic loads
MCCB characteristics are as such that in most cases no issues are to be expected.

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 Record Plus T M
Protecting other equipment

Protecting other equipment

Transformers (LV/LV)
Have specific characteristics.
Short Circuit characteristics.... Very high magnetisation currents, up to 20 or 30 x In

Capacitor banks
Capacitive loads or when filters are present capacitive and Inductive loads.
Overload characteritics ...... High inrush currents over a long period of time, effective
currents are higher than those of the device, high harmonic content. (about 1.45 x In)
Short Circuit characteristics....When filter s are present, high inrush currents and spikes are
normal.

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Protecting other equipment Record Plus T M

Protecting other equipment

Synopsis
In most cases a breaker is used to protect lines..The equipment is connected to the lines !!
The second most important use of breakers is motor protection...Coordination type II a must.
All kinds of equipment/power supplies etc. can be protected by breakers.

Practice
Use the tables provide as back up for the catalogue in the when details are needed on coordination or
protection of specific equipment.
These are estimated values !!..Please contact us when confirmation is needed.

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 Record Plus T M
Time current curves

Time current curves, use

Breaker FD125/160 /LTMD and GTM 80,100 and 125A
General 10000

Indicates the NON-tripping time and tripping time of a

protective device by different current levels, normaly
indicated in multipliers of the nominal current of the device.
Is recommended for use up to the magnetic threshold of 1000

the device.

Overload protection device.

Dose NOT trip if the found current runs for a time 100

shorter than that indicated by the line.

Total interupting time of the fault at the found
current.

Seconds (S)
The dotted curve used here is the 'band' at the 10

lowest setting

GTM type
Short-circuit protection device. LTMD type.
1
Dose NOT trip if the found current runs for a time
shorter than that indicated by the line.
Total interupting time of the fault at the found
current.
The dotted curve used here is the 'band' at the 0.1

lowest setting

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0.01
0.1 1
X In
10 100
M. H.M.S. Thomas June 2001