SAFETY OVERVIEW

THANK YOU ALL

FOR COMING
ELEMANTS
 Safety terminology

 The why of safety

 Scope of safety

 Process safety

 Safety management safety

 Terminology
 Safety : is the state where all the risks are well indentified and
in an acceptable level.

 Incident : undesired event that can or could have resulted in

domage, loss or harm (accident, mear-misses)

 Risk: (probability of the undesired event) * (severity of the

consequences of the event)

 Hazard: Energy, substance, when comes into contact with the

target (human, environment, assets) can cause domage, loss,
harm.
Accident process
Org

thec behav

Accident

HAZARD TARGET

Prevention Protection
WHY SAFETY
 Legal reasons: laws = no fines, no prison

 Fiancail reasons: no losses, no damages, no interruption

of production

 Moral reasons = no one getting hurt, zero death

Preserving people’s lives
SCOPE OF SAFETY
SCOPE OF SAFETY
PROCESS SAFETY
Design Approach for Inherently Safer Plants

 Intensification—Using small quantities of hazardous substances

 Substitution—Replacing a material with a less hazardous substance
 Attenuation—Using less hazardous conditions or a less hazardous form of a
material
 Limitation of Effects—Designing facilities that minimize the impact of a
release of hazardous material or energy
 Simplification/Error Tolerance—Designing facilities that make operating
errors less likely, and that are forgiving of errors that are made
PROCESS SAFETY

PROCESS RISK MANAGEMENT STRATIGY

 Inherent, or Intrinsic—Eliminating the hazard by using materials and process

conditions that are nonhazardous (e.g., substituting water for a flammable
solvent).

 Passive—Eliminating or minimizing the hazard by process and equipment

design features that do not eliminate the hazard, but do reduce either the
frequency or consequence of realization of the hazard without the need for
any device to function actively (e.g., the use of higher pressure rated
equipment).
PROCESS SAFETY

PROCESS RISK MANAGEMENT STRATIGY

 Active—Using controls, safety interlocks, and emergency shutdown systems to

detect potentially hazardous process deviations and take corrective action.
These are commonly referred to as engineering controls.

 Procedural—Using operating procedures, administrative checks, emergency

response and other management approaches to prevent incidents, or to
minimize the effects of an incident. These are commonly referred to as
administrative controls.
 PROCESS SAFETY
Protection layers for a typical process are shown in the order of activation
PROCESS SAFETY
Process safety management system
Elements:
 Process Safety Information  Incident Investigation
 Process Hazard Analysis  Emergency Planning and Response
 Operating Procedures  Compliance Audits
 Employee Participation
 Training
 Contractors
 Pre-Startup Safety Review
 Mechanical Integrity
 Hot Work Permit
 Management of Change
PROCESS SAFETY
HOW ACCIDENTS HAPPEND
PROCESS SAFETY
Piper Alpha explosion
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
what is a system

A set of interrelated, in interaction,

elements Ele 2
Ele 3
A system has:
1: Structure
2:Ele
Environment
1
3: Objectif Ele 4

4: Evolution
Ele 5
5: Boundaries
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
Plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle, also known as Deming’s cycle.
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
RISKS
Inacceptable level Where are we now?

technical

organisational How do we get there?

Behavioural

acceptable level
Where do we want to be?
 EXEMPLE OF HOW TO DEVISE A RISK CONTROL SYSTEM
 Policy What is the purpose and objective of the permit-to-work system and what are its
scope and limitations? For example, the purpose of the permit-to-work system is to
establish control over high-risk maintenance or other unusual work.

 Organising
-Control - who will be responsible for operating and running the system? For example, who
will devise and design the system? Who will implement it? Who will monitor and review
performance and audit its operation?
-Co-operation - how will system users be involved in its development to ensure its
acceptance and effective working? How will deficiencies and weaknesses and failings in the
system be reported?
-Communication - what communication is necessary to ensure the effective operation of the
system and between the various parties issuing and using a permit? What documentation is
involved and how can it be designed to be clear, effective and simple to use?
-Competence - what training, qualifications, skills and level of competence are required for:
– those issuing permits?
– those doing work under permits?
– those monitoring, reviewing performance etc?
 Implementing: What workplace precautions are necessary for each
type of permit? What are the rules of the system and how does it
work? Are the rules simple so that they can always be easily applied?
Are there sufficient resources to ensure that the system can be applied
in full? What are the performance standards for the various
individuals involved - who does what, when, and how

 Measuring performance: How will the implementation and

effectiveness of the system be measured? For example, will there be a
periodic inspection of the work activity and of a sample of permits to
ensure proper completion and effective use?

 Reviewing performance: How will the findings from the measuring

activities be used to review and improve the system?

 Auditing: How will the system be independently audited and

verified?
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
Performance standards are the expected output

Good performance standards link responsibilities to specific outputs

They should specify:

 Who is responsible?

 What are they responsible for?

 When should the work be done?

 What is the expected result?

MEASURING PERFORMANCE
DID WE GET THERE?
If you don’t know where you are going, chances are you will end up somewhere else’ -
‘

Yogi Berra

‘You can't manage what you can't measure’ - Drucker

HOW DO WE KNOW IF WE GOT WHERE
WE WANTED TO BE?

 active systems : which monitor the design, development,

installation and operation of RCSs and workplace
precautions (inspections, audits)
Before accident

 reactive systems: which monitor accidents, ill health,

incidents and other evidence of deficient health and safety
performance.
After accident
WHAT AND WHY DO WE MEASURE?
Measuring workplace precautions

Workplace precautions

· in place;
· operating; and
· effective.
Measuring risk control systems
Risk control
systems

·capability;
· compliance (implementation)
· deployment.
SAFETY OVERVIEW

THANK YOU FOR

COMING
Presented by :

MA Boumaraf
HSE Eng