PATIENT PROFILE & PATIENT COUNSELING

ATROPINE
 PHARMACOKINETICS
 ADMINISTERATION
• Orally,
• Parentrally and
• Topically as an ophthalmic preparation.
 METABOLISM
Liver
 EXCRETION
through Urine
 DURATION OF ACTION
Its duration of action is very long and applied to eye its
mydriatic (dilation of pupil) cycloplegic (inability to focus
for near vision) effects remains up to 7-10 days.
 PHARMACODYNAMIC

MECHANISM OF ACTION
It is non-selective muscarinic
antagonist .
It competitively blocks the Muscuranic
receptors (M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5)
causing inhibitions of all muscarinic
functions .
 INDICATION
It is used as S
 Mydriatic for examination of eye.
 Pre-Anesthetic Medications; As Atropine decrease
various secretions and some anesthetic like Ether etc
stimulate secretion like saliva, these may go to lungs and
causes problems over there.
 Anti-Spasmodic; used in diseases like
• Billiary Colic
• Intestinal Colic
• Asthma
 Reduce excessive salivation in Parkinsonism and heavy metal
poisoning.
 Organo-phosphorous compound (Malathione,
Parathione, Echothiopal) poisoning.
 CONTRAINDICATIONS
Glaucoma
Prostatic Hypertrophy
Prostate glands are present in the pubic
region, enlarge in old age which will block
urination and urethra will suppress due to
enlargement of muscle size.
Atropine causes the contraction of the
sphincter muscle of urinary bladder and
will block urination- so condition will
worsen.
 ADVERSE EFFECTS
Xerostomia wich will lead to
Dysphagia (difficulty in
swallowing).
Blurred Vision or
Cycloplegia
Constipation
Tachycardia
 ATROPINE POISONING
Poisoning of Atropine include
 Patient will feel severe thirst
 Dilated Pupil
 Perspiration (fluid lost from the body both in the
form of sweat secreted by the sweat glands and as
water that diffuses through the skin) will block
and blood vessels will dilate
 Flushing of face (cutanious vasodilatation)
 Convulsion
 In large doses Coma may occur which may
lead to death
 TREATMENT FOR ATROPINE POISONING

Physostigmine (1-4 mg)

Diazepam plus Neostigmine
(increases the level of
Acetylcholine so in shock
condition these are
administered I/V)