MEDIA AND INFORMATION

SOURCES
• Reliability of Information- Information is said to be reliable if it can be
verified and evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source in
evaluating the reliability of information.
• Accuracy of Information – Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to
the actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the type of
information being evaluated. Forecasts are said to be accurate if the report is
similar to the actual data. Financial information is considered accurate if the
values are correct, properly classified, and presented
• Value of Information – Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in
making or improving decisions.
• Authority of the source – Much of the information we gather daily do not
come from a primary source but are passed on through secondary sources
such as writers, reporters, and the like. Sources with an established expertise
on the subject matter are considered as having sound authority on the subject.
• Timeliness – Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based
on the time it was produced or acquired. While a piece of information may
have been found accurate, reliable, and valuable during the time it was
produced, it may become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passage of time
(thus making it less valuable). Other information may be timeless, proven to
be the same in reliability, accuracy, and value throughout history.
LIBRARY

Is a building or room containing collections of books, periodicals, and

sometimes films and recorded music for people to read, borrow, or refer to.
Libraries are usually qualified in four (4) groups, namely : Academic; Public;
School; and Special. These libraries may be either digital or physical in form.
• Academic Library – is a library that is
attached to a higher education
institution and serves two
complementary purposes: to support
the curriculum and the research of the
university faculty and students.
• School Library – is a library within a
school where students, staff, and often,
parents of a public or private school
have access to a variety of resources.
• Public Library – as its name suggests,
it is for the people, by the people and
of the people. It exists from civilization
of mankind and act as the important
custodian of human culture, knowledge
and social customs.
• Special Library – sometimes referred to
as “information centers”, are libraries
that provide specialized information
resources on a particular subject, serve a
specialized and limited clientele, and
deliver specialized services to that
clientele.
SKILLS IN ACCESSING INFORMATION FROM
LIBRARIES
Due to the wealth Of information in a library. It is important to the following:
• The access tool to use
• How the information being accessed may be classified
• The depth of details required—some libraries provide only an abstract of the
topic
• More detailed information might require membership or conformity to set rules
of the source (ex databases).
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIBRARIES IN TERMS
OF RELIABILITY, ACCURACY, AND VALUE
• Libraries of published books are often considered highly reliable. Accurate.
And valuable. Books and documents from dominant sources are often peer
reviewed. ISSN or ISBN registration ensures that standards were followed in
producing these materials.
INTERNET

Information found on the Internet may be quite varied in form and content.
Thus, it is more difficult to determine its reliability and accuracy. Accessing
information on the Internet is easy. But requires more discipline to check and
validate. Factual and fictitious data are often merged together. Sources always
have to be validated.
SKILLS IN DETERMINING RELIABLE
INFORMATION

• Check the author

• Check the date of publication or of update
• Check for citations
• Check the domain or the owner of the site or page
• Check the site design and writing style
SKILLS IN DETERMINING ACCURATE
INFORMATION

• Look for facts

• Cross-reference with other sources to check for consistency.
• Determine the reason for writing and publishing the information. Check if
the author is objective or leaning heavily on a certain point of view.
• Check for advertising. Advertisers may use related information to market
their product.
ALTERNATIVE MEDIA

- Are media sources that differ from established or dominant type of media (such as mainstream
media or mass media) in terms of their content, production, or distribution.
Current Popular Alternative Media
• Tudla Productions
• Southern Tagalog Exposure
• Mayday Multimedia
• Altermidya
• Bulatlat
• Rise of Alternative Media and Information
- Alternative Media made its debut on the 1960s [no exact date indicated].
Alternative Media has been a trend since because of its independence from
large media corporations, this type of media is enjoying freedom of the press
and independence from government control.
• Other alternative forms of communication and distribution have become
popular. These includes social media, blogs, and flash mob performances.
These alternative forms provide greater freedom and power to ordinary
individuals and are a quicker way of distributing information. The downside,
however, is that a lot of the information being passed around is biased and
inaccurate.
INDIGENOUS MEDIA AND. INFORMATION
• Indigenous – native; local; originating or produced naturally in a particular
region.
• Indigenous knowledge – knowledge that is unique to a specific culture or
society; most often it is not written down.
• Indigenous communication – transmission of information through local
channels or forms. It is a means by which culture is preserved, handed down,
and adapted.
• Indigenous media and information – original information created by a local
group of people. This also refers to content about indigenous peoples that
may be distributed through dominant forms of media or through forms of
communication unique to their people group.
• Popular media cannot reach some rural areas. While print, broadcast, and
new media have a wide reach, there are still areas that these forms of media
have not reached.
• Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near
the source and are seldom circulated for profit.
• Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development
because of its direct access to local channels.
• Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in development and education
programs that are irrelevant and ineffective. Forms of indigenous media and their local
examples:
A. Folk or traditional media
B. Gatherings and social organisations
C. Direct observation
D. Records- may be written, carved, or oral
E. Oral instruction
• Language – pertains to the technical and symbolic ingredients or codes and
conventions that media and information professionals may select and use in
an effort to communicate ideas, information and knowledge.
• Media Languages – codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative
structures that indicate the meaning of media messages to an audience.
• Technical bodes include sound, camera angles, types of shots and lighting, They may include,
for example, ominous music to communicate danger in a feature film, or high-angle camera
shots to create a feeling of power in a photograph.
• Symbolic codes include the language, dress or actions of characters, or iconic symbols that
are easily understood. For example, a red rose may be used symbolically to convey romance,
or a clenched fist may be used to communicate anger
• Convention – In the media context, refers to a standard or norm that acts as a rule governing
behaviour.
• Messages – the information sent from a source to a receiver.
• Audience – the group of consumers for whom a media message was constructed as well as
anyone else who is exposed to the message.
• Producers – People engaged in the process of creating and puffing together media content to
make a finished media product.
• Other stakeholders – Libraries, archives, museums, intemet and other relevant information
providers.
 OBJECTS
CAMERA HEADLIN Convey
MOVEMENTS ES Meaning
Track, pan, zoom Title of story SETTING
in large type Shows
SHOT SIZES TITLES time
Close-up, long The name of a &place
shot book, film COLOUR
Suggests a
LIGHTING CAPTIONS mood
Creates a mood Appear below COSTUM
image
E
CAMERA Clothing,
SPEECH
ANGLE hair, &
Eye-level, high &
BUBBLES makeup
Used in BODY
low
comics, LANGUAG
cartoons E
Emotion and
movement