a n d

RESISTANCE
RESISTIVIT
GROUP 2
DEFINITIONS
 01
ALL ABOUT

RESISTANCE
• Resistance is the ability of a material to oppose an electric current.
• It is represented by the symbol R and it describes how easily a
material will allow for free electrons to flow through.
• The two factors impacting the resistance of an object are the type
of material of which the object is made and its shape.
ALL ABOUT
02
RESISTIVITY
• Resistivity is an intrinsic characteristic of matter, describing how
strongly it can resist electric current compared to other materials.
• Resistivity is usually represented by the symbol ρ and depends on
the atomic structure and the temperature of the material, and has
nothing to do with the shape of an object.
TABLE OF RESISTIVITY
MATERIAL ρ(Ωm) at 20°C 03
RESIS-
Copper 1.68×10^-8

Aluminum 2.65×10^-8

Tungsten

Iron
5.6×10^-8

9.71×10^-8
TIVITY
O F VA R I O U S
Platinum 10.6×10^-8 AT
M ATREOROI M
ALS
T E M P E R AT U R E
Manganin 48.2×10^-8

Lead 22×10^-8
MATERIAL ρ(Ωm) at 20°C 04
Mercury 98×10^-8

Carbon 3.5×10^-5
RESIS-
TIVITY
Germanium 600×10^-3

Silicon 2300

Amber 5×10^14 O F VA R I O U S
AT
M ATREOROI M
ALS
Glass 10^9-10^14 T E M P E R AT U R E
Hard rubber 10^13-10^16

Quartz 7.5×10^17
EQUATION
 05
l = length
EQUA-
R
TION ρ = resistivity =
CONNECTING RESISTANCE
AND
RESISTIVITY A = area
 06
EQUATION
CONNECTING RESISTANCE AND RESISTIVITY

• where R is the resistance measured in ohms (Ω)

• l is the length of the cylinder measured in meters
ρl (m)
R= • A is the cross-sectional area of the cylinder in

A meters squared (m2)

• ρ is the resistivity of the material measured in ohm-
meters (Ωm).
 EXAMPLE
PROBLEMS
 07
EXAMPLE

PROBLEMS
An aluminum wire at room temperature has a
resistance of 0.150Ω. What is the diameter of this
wire, if it has a length of 16.0m?
 08
GIVEN
• resistance = 0.150Ω
• length = 16.0m
• resistivity (ρ) of aluminum = 2.65×10^−8Ωm
 09
SOLUTION
• Rearrange the equation of resistance • We can calculate the radius of its base
ρl ρl circle using
R= A=
A R A = πr^2
• Substitute the given
• which can be rearranged to find the radius
(2.65×10^−8Ωm) (16.0)
A= r = A
0.150Ω
A = 2.83×10^−6 m^2)
√ π
 10
SOLUTION
• which can be rearranged to find the r = 9.49×10^−4 m
radius
• The diameter is simply twice the circle's
r = A
√
radius, so the diameter of this aluminum
π wire is

√ D 9.49×10^−4 m
2.83×10^−6^ m^2
r=
3.14
=
 11
EXAMPLE

PROBLEMS
A cube of unknown material has a resistance of
2.80μΩ. If it has a side of 2.00cm and is kept at room
temperature, what material is the cube made of?
 12
GIVEN
• resistance = 2.80 μΩ
• length = 2.00 cm
 13
SOLUTION
• Rearrange the equation of resistance
(2.80×10^−6Ω) (0.0200^2 m2)
ρ=
ρl RA 0.0200m
R= ρ=
A l ρ = 5.60×10^-8Ωm

• Convert cm to m Based on this calculation, we can conclude

that the cube is made of tungsten, which is
1 cm = 0.01 m
visible below.
2 × 0.01 = 0.02 cm
THANK
YOU