MODULE 6

Illustrating Events, and Union

and Intersection of Events
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M__E__N__T__S
Definiton of Experiment and Sample Space

An experiment is any procedure that:

● can be repeated, theoretically, an infinite number of times; and
● has a well-defined set of possible outcomes.

Consider rolling a die as an experiment. If you roll a die,

we know the possible results: the number of spots will be
between 1 and 6 inclusive.

Possible result of an experiment is referred to as a

SAMPLE OUTCOME.

Set of all possible outcomes is called the SAMPLE

SPACE and is usually denoted by S.
Example of Sample Space
1. Toss a coin:
- either a head (H) or a tail (T) will appear.
Thus, S = { H , T }.

2. Flip to coins and observe the sequence of heads

and tails.
- each outcome is an ordered pair of results
from each coin.
Thus, S = { (H,H) (H,T) (T,T) (T,H) }
 EVENT
An event is usually denoted by a capital letter, followed by either a
description or a list of all the outcome which are included.

ROLLING A DIE POSSIBLE OUTCOME

{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
{ 1, 2 }
{ 1, 3, 5 } EVENTS
{ 2, 4, 6 }
EXAMPLE: Performing the same experiment in ROLLING A
DIE , consider the following events:
a. The outcome is at least 7
b. The outcome is either odd or even:

A=Ø
B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
 TYPES OF EVENTS
A SIMPLE EVENT is an event with a single (or one)
01 outcome.
Example:

1. Rolling a die and getting 2.

2. Tossing a coin and landing on a tail.

02 A COMPOUND EVENT is an event consisting of two or

more simple events.
Example:

1. Rolling a die and spinning a color wheel.

2. Getting an even number from rolling a die and a head in tossing a coin.
 The Union of Two Events A and
B denoted by A U B.
- read as “ A union B” comprises the set of outcomes of A and/or B.
- for example, if A = { 2, 4, 6 } and B = {1, 2, 3 } then
A U B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 }
U A B

4 1
2
6 3
 The INTERSECTION of Two
Events A and B denoted by A U
B.
- read as “ A intersection B” comprises the set of outcomes common to A
and B.

U A B

4 1
2
6 3
CHALLEN
GE TEST
 SIMPLE OR
COMPOUND EVENT?
 EXAMPLES
1. Rolling a die and getting 3. SIMPLE EVENT
2. Flipping three coins and
getting 2 heads. COMPOUND EVENT
3. Selecting a month of the year
having letter F.
SIMPLE EVENT
4. Choosing a vowel from A-D.
SIMPLE EVENT
5. Tossing two dice and getting
a sum of 5.
COMPOUND EVENT
Complement
of Events
 Complement of Events
- The event A, denoted by A’ are the
elements that are not in event A but
found in the universal set.
A
 MUTUALLY - two events are mutually exclusive if
EXCLUSIVE both events cannot happen at the
same time. These events have no
EVENTS common elements.

- Events that may occur at the same time.

Two events A and B are said to be not
mutually exclusive if both the events A
and B have at least one common outcome
NOT MUTUALLY
between them. EXCLUSIVE EVENTS
 A B
MUTUALLY
EXCLUSIVE
EVENTS

A B

NOT MUTUALLY
EXCLUSIVE
EVENTS
 EXAMPLES
1. Drawing a 5 or 8 from a standard deck of cards.
MUTUALLY
2. Getting a grade of 90 in math and a grade of 90 in
English.
NOT MUTUALLY
3. A person works in the Philippines and a Pinay.
NOT MUTUALLY
4. A person is watching TV and sleeping.

5. Rolling a fair die and getting an MUTUALLY

even number or a multiple of 6.
NOT MUTUALLY
THANK
YOU!
LET’S
HAVE A
GAME!
 Possible result of an
experiment is referred
to as a ___________.
An __________ is usually denoted
by a capital letter, followed by
either a description or a list of all
the outcome which are included.
TWO TYPES OF
EVENT
the elements that are
not in event A but
found in the
universal set.
 comprises the set of
outcomes of A and/or
B.
both events cannot happen at the
same time. These events have no
common elements.
 Set of all possible
outcomes is called the
___________.
It can be repeated, theoretically,
an infinite number of times; and
has a well-defined set of possible
outcomes.
events A and B have at least one
common outcome between them.
 comprises the set of
outcomes common to A
and B.