Rajeev Institute of Technology

Plot 1-D, Growth Centre, Industrial Area B-M Bypass Road, Hassan

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY

PRESENTATION
on
SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANTS' IMPACTS IN URBAN AREAS

PRESENTED BY:
DEEKSHITBABU C H
4RA19EE005 UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF:
DEPT. OF EEE
RIT, HASSAN Dr. RADHAKRISHNA K R
Professor and Head
Dept of EEE, RIT
 CONTENTS

 Introduction
Literature Survey
Methodology
CLASSIFICATION OF TPC
DESIGN & MODULATION
CDMA concept for a system with multiple converters
Conclusion
References
 INTRODUCTION

 Water is the most abundant element on Earth. Its resources amount to 1.39 billion m3 , of which
96.5% is salt water (the remaining 3.5% is freshwater, almost 70% stored in the ice cover and
glaciers).
 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by waters (i.e., seas, oceans, freshwaters), and the remaining
29% - is by land.
 Water has many different functions, including participating in the life processes of organisms,
shapes geomorphological and hydro morphological, and is a living environment for aquatic and
water-dependent organisms.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

Authors Title Highlights

1. Akademija, Kaunas Institute of Environment and Faculty of Forest Science and

distr., Lithuania Ecology Ecology, Vytautas Magnus
University, Agriculture
Academy, Student str. 11, LT-
53361

2. N. Khatri, S. Tyagi, Influences of natural and Frontiers in Life Science,

anthropogenic factors on vol. 8(1), pp. 23-39, 2015.
surface and groundwater  
quality in rural and urban areas

3R. S. Chalov, Fluvial Theory and Applications. Global Hydrological Cycles

Processes Springer, Cham, 2021. and World Water Resources
MATERIALS AND METHODS
 The investigation was carried out at four observation points in the period from June 2017 to
May 2020 on the Odra River in Wroclaw (Poland), i. e., 1 - a point upstream of the Wroclaw
II hydropower plant, 2 - a point downstream of the Wroclaw II hydropower plant, 3 - a point
upstream the hydropower plant.
 Wroclaw I and 4 - point downstream Wroclaw I hydropower plant (Fig. 1).

 Surface water samples for field tests were collected with scoops and then transported under
refrigeration to the Environmental Research Laboratory of the Wroclaw University of
Environmental and Life Sciences.
 They were determined within 24 hours of sampling.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 The greatest differences were noted in the case of NO3-N the median between
points differed by 27.80% for the Wroclaw II hydropower plant and 11.25% for
the Wroclaw I hydropower plant.
 For PO4-P, these changes were 5.56% and 6.25%, respectively, within the
hydropower plant, for turbidity - 2.03% and 8.11%, and NH4-N - 6.25% and
0.00%.
 In the case of the remaining parameters, the differences in the medians between
the points upstream and downstream of the hydropower plants were less than
5.00% (Table II).
PHYSICOCHEMICAL STATUS
 CONCLUSION

• This study shows that the influence of hydropower plants in urban areas on the shaping
of water quality from the natural, social and economic perspectives is ambiguous. The
following conclusions can be drawn from the analyzes carried out:

• differences in the median values of physicochemical parameters within the

hydropower plants were small; they amounted to a maximum of 27.80% (NO3-N at
the Wrocław II hydropower plant) and usually did not exceed 10%;
 REFERENCES

1. T. Oki, S. Kanae, “Global Hydrological Cycles and World Water Resources”, Science, vol. 313, no.
5790, pp. 1068-1072, 2006.

2. N. Khatri, S. Tyagi, “Influences of natural and anthropogenic factors on surface and groundwater
quality in rural and urban areas”, Frontiers in Life Science, vol. 8(1), pp. 23-39, 2015.

3. P. Ball., “Water as an Active Constituent in Cell Biology”, Chem. Rev., vol. 108(1), pp. 74-108,
January 2008.

4. R. S. Chalov, Fluvial Processes: Theory and Applications. Springer, Cham, 2021.

THANK YOU