Plumbing System in Water Supplies

The entire system of piping's, fixtures,

appliances, etc. used in providing water supply &
drainage facility in a building is, therefore, called
a Plumbing System

House Water Connection

Ferrule ,Goose neck ,Service pipe, Stop cock
Water meter
Water connection in buildings
 Stop cock
Screw down type sluice valve used in
smaller sized pipes in service connection for
stopping or opening the supply
 Water Taps and Bib Cocks
• Water taps - the types of valves provided at the
end of house service pipes for withdrawing
water at the consumer's house
 Pipe :Fittings
Collar
Elbow
Gasket
Union
Reducer
Tee
Trap
 Storage of Water in Buildings
Estimating Storage Capacity
The water storage capacity for a building will
depend on the following factors:
• Hours of supply
• Rate of supply,
• Governed by the pressure in the mains;
• Demand pattern in the given building;
• Fire storage required.
Water storages required in the buildings
Overhead storage
Indian municipalities -mandatory over - head
water storage - flushing of toilets and urinals
to ensure constant supply for flushing toilets

Requirement depends - number of sanitary

fixtures in the building & may vary from city to
city - the living standards of the occupants of
the building.
Water storages required in the buildings
Water storages required in the buildings
 Over-head tanks
Over - head tanks placed on the top of the
building properly located to safely transmit
their loads – beam & column of wall in
building

• R.C.C
• G.I tanks
• HDPE TANKS
 Under-ground Storage Tanks

• Design of the tank – Correct drain system.

• Water-proof
• Cement concrete cover, having a
• Manhole opening,
• Hinged cast iron cover - leak-proof cast iron
frame.
 Under-ground Storage Tanks
Tanks should not be located –
• low lying areas or near any public or private
sewer, septic tank, leaching pool or soakage
pit to prevent any contamination.

• Overflow of the tank - above (preferably 600

mm) the external surface level with a
mosquito proof grating.
Under-ground Storage Tanks
 Water piping Systems in Buildings

• Piping System using Direct supply

• Piping System using Overhead tank
• Piping System using Under-ground & Overhead
Tank Supply.
• Pumped system
• Continuous running system
Piping System using direct supply
Piping System using overhead tank
Piping System Using Under-ground-Overhead Tank Supply.
Pumped system
Continuous running system
Design Consideration – Water Piping System
in Building
• Adequate quantity water – all floors
• Adequate pressure – remotest fixtures
Water demand for a Building
Design Consideration – Water Piping
System in Building
Required flow for Various Water Supply Fixtures and
Probable Simultaneous Demand

• Water supply pipe net work to be designed -supply

adequate quantity water all floors, adequate pressure -
remotest fixture.

• Fixtures - Require different flow rates to work optimally,

it would be sufficient to design the gross supply rate as
to fulfill the required flow rate of the fixture having
highest rate of flow, as only one fixture can be used at a
time in one toilet or unit
Flow Rates & Fixture Units of
Various Types
Probable water demand (l/s) can be read out by
using the standard chart
 Hot water appliances and installations

• Hot water is required in houses and buildings

for bathing and washing of clothes and
utensils, etc.
• Evidently, in winter season, the requirement
of hot water becomes all the more necessary.
• hot water systems are designed and installed
in accordance with the requirement of a
particular building
Average Daily Hot Water Requirements In
Cold Climates
 Domestic Hot Water Appliances
• The various appliances, which are usually used
for generating hot waters for domestic uses,
are :
• (i) Hamams ; and
• (ii) Electrical geysers
Hamam is an old displacement type hot water
heater, using solid fuels like coal, wood, etc
Hamams
 Domestic Hot Water Appliances
Electrical geysers have now a days become a
very common appliance of our modern life

Types of Electrical Geysers

• Instantaneous and
• Storage types geysers
Instantaneous
Storage geysers or Storage water heaters
Storage geysers or Storage water heaters
Storage water heaters
 Solar Water heaters
Design of a solar water heater & particularly
that of the area of the absorber unit, is primarily
governed by the solar energy available at the
place of installation of the solar heater

Solar water heater is a coupled unit of

(1) a solar energy collector; and
(2) a storage tank with a suitable device to
minimize heat lost.
Solar energy collector
Solar Water heaters
Solar Water heaters
Hot water piping system
Hot water piping system
Hot water piping system