SNPS-JU-CONV-22/131

Antimicrobial Activity of Ficus

religiosa L. (Moraceae) - A Review
Sanjib Paul, Bapirul Islam
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical science and Technology
157/F Nilgunj Road, Kolkata- 700114, West Bengal.
Abstract
Since ancient days, Ficus religiosa L. (Moraceae) is used traditionally for the treatment of wide range of ailments of central nervous system, endocrine
system, reproductive system, respiratory system and different infections. The objective of this review is to throw a light on the scientific research done
on antimicrobial activity of Ficus religiosa L. (Moraceae). The ethanolic extract of Ficus religiosa leaves prepared by ultrasonication possesses four
times potency against Bacillus subtills in comparison to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Highest activity
against Bacillus subtills amongst the same set of bacterial species is also shown by the methanolic extract and diethyl ether extract of leaves of Ficus
religiosa prepared by soxhlation in a dose dependent manner. However, the same solvent extracts of Ficus religiosa bark prepared by soxhlation
possess antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus but do not possess activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The
ethanolic extract
Keywords: FicusofReligiosa,
Ficus religiosa
Fruit,stem possess
Leaves, significant
Bark, antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The ethanolic extract of Ficus religiosa fruits
Extract Antimicrobial
possess more sensitivity towards pathogenic K. pneumonia and S.epidermidis than P. vulgaris and S. aureus.
Introduction Pharmacological
Ficus Religiosa is a large, fast growing deciduous tree. It has a heart activities
shaped leaves. It is a medium size tree and has a large crown with the
Wound
wonderful wide spreading branches. It shed its leaves in the month of healing
March and April. The fruits of the Peepal are hidden with the figs. The figs Anticonvul Antiulcer
are ripening in the month of May. The figs which contain the flowers grow sant-ant
in pairs just below the leaves and look like the berries. Its bark is light
Anti-
gray and peels in patches. Its fruit is purple in color. It is one of the Antidiabe F.religio
amnes
longest living trees. F.religiosa have been indicated in traditional systems tic sa
ic
of medicine like Ayurveda,Unani,Siddha etc. In Ayurveda F.religiosa Anti-
belong to the classes of drugs called rasayana which act as rejuvenators, inflamm Antimicr
Antioxidants and relieve stress in body. Medicinal plant are rich sources of atory obial
Analge
a wide variety of secondary metabolites called phytoconstituents like sic
tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids etc. This Phyto-chemicals are
responsible for numerous pharmacological and antimicrobial activities
shown by the plant. The present study deals with the evaluation of in-vitro Method of extraction
antimicrobial activity of F. religiosa latex solvent extract against
pathogenic micro organism.

Morphological character Latex was collected from F.religiosa tree trunk, it is storing at
4 ˚C
Ficus religiosa is an evergreen tree which is 20m tall and 1.5-
2mdh,irregularly shaped, wide spread branches and without areal roots from
the branches. The bark of the tree is grey with brownish specks, smooth
The solvent extraction is dissolving 5g of dried plant extract in
exfoliating with irregular rounded flakes. Leaves is spirally arranged and
Soxhlet apparatus with hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane,
broadly arranged(leathery), Dark green leaves ,10-18 by 7.5-10cm with water(200ml) separately for24 hr at 65˚C
usual tall like tis,pink color when young, stipulate,base-cordate.petioles is
The were concentrated to dryness in rotary pressure
slender and 7.5-10cm long.Galls on leaves. Flower axillary
evaporator & stored at 40˚C for further study
sessile,unisexual.Figs in pairs, rounded, flat-topped green to 1.5 cm.

Chemical constituents
Fruits Leaves
Terpenoids, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Terpenoids,
Serotonergic ,Flavonoids Tannins, Phenol ,Sterol.
Bark
Steroids, Flavonoids,
Alkaloids, Phenol Contents
All the bacteria & fungi were growing in the respective growth
medium at32˚C (Bacteria) & 25˚C (Fungi) for 24hr till the pure
culture was isolated. The over night grown cultures were used
for the antimicrobial activity.
Microbial culture like bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus,
kelibesiella,pneumonia,salmonella typhi.

Conclusion
From the above in methanolic extracts posses maximum zone of inhibition
against and shows maximum antimicrobial activity . Presently enormous
research group are showing curiosity& interest in the medicinal properties of
F.religiosa although scientific studies have been carried out on a large number
of Indian botanicals, a considerably smaller number of Marketable drugs of
phytochemical entities have entered the evidence based therapeutics. Efforts
are therefore needed to establish validate evidence regarding safety &
practice of Ayurvedic Medicines.
Reference
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http://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/science-and-innovation/science-public
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 resources/resources/ Canadian medicinal-crops/general-
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D.N.V. Ramanarao, M.Niranjan Babu, “Phytochemical 
investigation and antibacterial activity of Hydroalcoholic extract
of terminalia Billerica leaf”, Asian Journal of