Tika Hapsari, ST, MT

Stress-Strain in
Rock
GEOLOGI STRUKTUR 12
OUTLINE

Stress Mohr Diagram

I II III IV

Principles Stress Strain

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STRESS (σ)

STRESS
Stress defi ned as force per unit area

σ = F/A
Force (F) = Newton (N)

A = area (m 2 )

Stress units = Psi atau Pascal (Pa) atau bar (10 5 Pa)

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STRESS (σ)

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN:

PRESSURE STRESS
P = F/A σ = F/A 4
TYPE OF STRESS (σ)

Shape of a cube of
rock deformed by
differential stress

Arrows indicate
directions of
maximum stress

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TYPE OF STRESS (σ)

 Str es s a t a poin t in 2 D

Normal Stress (σn)

acts perpendicular to
the surface

Shear Stress (σs) acts

parallel to the surface

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TYPE OF STRESS (σ)

 Str es s a t a poin t in 2 D

Geology:
Sign convention for
compressive normal
forces are always
positive because
stresses tend to be
compressive in the
crust.

While, tensile ones are

negative.

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PRINCIPAL STRESS (σ 1 ≥σ 2 ≥σ 3 )

 Str es s a t a poin t in 3 D
Principal Stress:
(STR ESS E LLI P SOI D )

σ1≥σ2≥σ3
 All stress axes are mutually
perpendicular
 Shear stress are zero in the direction of
principal stress

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ORIGIN PRINCIPAL STRESS

Re fe r e nc e St a te of St r es s – St at ic

 L i th os ta ti c or H ydr os ta ti c Str ess :

 Str es s G rad ien t = 2 7 M pa /k m
 Te mpe ra tu r e Gra di en t = 27 0 C /k m
 Comm on rock den sit y = 2 .7 g / cm 3

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STRESS VECTORS (PHYSICAL DIAGRAM)

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MOHR CIRCLE AND DIAGRAM

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TYPE OF FRACTURES
TECTONIC STRESS
TECTONIC STRESS
STRAIN (ε)

Strain is defi ned as the change in size and shape of a body resulting from the
action of an applied stress fi eld
STRAIN (ε)
 STRAIN (ε)

DEFINISI STRAIN (ε)

1. Perubahan Panjang
 STRAIN (ε)

DEFINISI STRAIN (ε) 3. Perubahan Volume

2. Perubahan Sudut
STRAIN (ε)
STRAIN (ε)
STRAIN (ε)
STRAIN (ε)
STRAIN (ε)
 QUIZ (40 MENIT)

1. Apa itu deformasi dan sebutkan komponen deformasi?

2. Sebutkan dan jelaskan keempat bidang kontak batuan?
3. Apa itu stress dan strain?
4. Jelaskan sifat material batuan brittle deformation dan ductile deformatioan
beserta lingkungan keterdapatannya di bumi?
5. Sebutkan structural geology data set!
6. Apa nama experimental model berikut?
7. Sebutkan 3 nama sesar secara umum!
8. Antiklin dan sinklin termasuk dalam jenis geologi struktur apa?
9. Sebutkan nama sesar pada gambar B dan C!
10. Apa itu compression dan tension?
B C
A
THANK YOU

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