Citizenship

Class - 11th C
By -
Subject - Political Science
Submitted to -
 Index

1) What is a nation?
2) Who is a citizen?
3) What is citizenship ?
4) Types of Citizenship
5) What the Indian constitution says about citizenship
6) Articles
7) T.H Marshall’s view
8) Martin Luther King Jr.’s view
9) Case Study
10) Bibliography
 What is a Nation ?
A large body of people United/ bonded together by some
common factors.
 National identity shared by all its citizen (Flag, Anthem,
etc.)
 Fixed borders
 Rights guaranteed by the Constitution
 Cultural homogeneity
 Political system
 Democratic states (allows all the citizens to exercise their
rights)
 Shared History
 Who is a Citizen ?

A citizen is a person who, by place of birth, nationality of

one or both parents, or naturalization is granted full rights
and responsibilities as a member of a nation or political
community.

A person can only be a citizen of India by ~

By birth Naturalization
Nationality of one or both parents
 What is Citizenship?

Citizenship is the relationship between an individual and a

state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn is
entitled to their protection.

Citizenship implies the status of freedom with

accompanying responsibilities. Citizens have certain rights,
duties, and responsibilities that are guaranteed or provided
by the state.
 Types of Citizenship ?

Single Citizenship
A person having only one citizenship.

Dual Citizenship
when a single person is legally recognized
as a citizen of two or more countries at the
same time.

Global Citizenship
a person who’s identity is not restricted to
its nation or state they are the ones who
try to understand the wider world.
What the Indian Constitution
Says about Citizenship

Part II of the Indian constitution talks about Citizenship.

Article 5 - 11 - deal with the conditions of citizenship at the time

of commencement of the constitution.

Citizenship Act of 1955 – plays a major role in these articles.

 Articles 5-11 of Part II of the
Indian Constitution
Article 5 – Citizenship By Domicile
Article 6 – Citizenship of migrants to India from Pakistan

Article 7 – Citizenship of Migrants of Pakistan

Article 8 – Citizenship of Indians living outside India

Article 9 – Persons who have voluntarily acquired citizenship of a

foreign state are not to be citizens of India.

Article 10 – Continuance of the right’s of the citizenship

Article 11- Parliament is to regulate the right of citizenship by Law.

 T.H Marshall's view on
citizenship
Thomas Humphrey Marshall (1893 – 1981), was a British Sociologist
who is widely known for his book “Citizenship an Social Class” from
1949.

In this book he has defined citizenship as a status bestowed on those

who are full members of a community. All who posses this status are
equal with respect to the rights and duties with which the status is
endowed.

He also wrote that citizenship involves three kinds of right’s ->

1) Civil Rights – protect life, liberty and property

2) Political Rights – participation in the Governance
3) Social Rights – access to education and employment.
 Martin Luther King’s View

Martin Luther King Jr. (1926 – 1968), was a black leader who was
against the segregation laws which had started emerging in the 1950’s
around the southern states of USA. King was a supporter of non-
violence and peaceful demonstrations.

King had given many argument’s against these laws some of which
were –

1) In terms of self worth and dignity every human in the world is

equal.
2) Segregation is ‘social Leprosy’ on the body as it inflicts deep
psychological wounds.
3) Creates artificial boundaries between the people of the community.
4) Diminishes the quality of life for everyone.
 Case Study

What is a Case Study ?

A case study is an in-depth, detailed examination of a particular case(s)

within a real world context.

What is Case Study in terms of Political Science ?

Case study in Political Science are a group of approaches with

international relations. That aim at testing and developing theory.
 Case Study

For the case study I have chosen India’s very own case from December 2019 .
Some Main Terminologies or Points of the case are ->

CAA – Citizenship Amendment Act 2019

The Citizenship (Amendment) Act, of 2019 aimed at facilitating
the grant of citizenship to migrants belonging to the “Hindu,
Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi or Christian” community from
“Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan” who had entered into
India on or before 31.12.2014 and who have been exempted by
the Central Government under the Articles 5 – 11 from, Part II of
the constitution.
 Case Study

NPR – National Population Register

The Government had also decided to update the National
Population Register (NPR) under the Citizenship Act, 1955 along
with the first phase of Census, 2021. 
The demographic and other particulars of each family and
individual were to be updated/collected during the exercise of
updation of NPR.

NRC - National Register of Citizens

NRC is the official record of those who are legal Indian citizens. It
includes demographic information about all those individuals who
qualify as citizens of India as per the Citizenship Act, 1955.
 Case Study
The Citizenship Amendment Bill, 2019 had been passed by the
Lok Sabha on 9th December 2019.  By the Parliament on 11th
December 2019 and signed by the President on 12 December
2019 that is why it was to become an act.
What is Citizenship Amendment Act, (CAA) 2019?
The Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019 seeks to provide
Indian citizenship to illegal refugees from 6 communities
coming from Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan. 
These 6 communities include; Hindu, Buddhist, Sikh,
Christian, Jain, and Parsi. The cut-off date
for citizenship was December 31, 2014.Which means the
applicant should have intruded into India on or before this
date. 
 Case Study

The Citizenship Amendment Bill, 1955 describes 5 conditions

for obtaining the citizenship of India, such as ->

1. Citizenship by Birth
2. Citizenship by Descent
3. Citizenship by Registration
4. Citizenship by Naturalization
5. Citizenship by incorporation of territory
 Case Study
Why is this bill opposed?
Basically this bill is opposed because it does not give citizenship
to illegal migrants of Muslim community from these 3 countries.
Another reason behind its criticism is that it violates the
provisions of article 14 of the Indian Constitution.
Which states "The State shall not deny to any person
equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws
within the territory of India.“

As this amendment is discriminating towards a religious

community of India, people believe that this amendment is
not what a secular and socialist India would follow
through.

Hopefully, the government will take the right decision after

listening to all sections of the country.
 Bibliography

 Jagran josh
 Wikipedia
 Times of India
 Britannica
 Byju’s
 Clear ias
NCERT Class 11th Political Science